Lower limb pt 1: Leg, pelvis, hip and knee

Question 1

What are the pelvic girdle bones?

Answer 1

• Ilium
• Pubis
• Ischium
• Coccyx
• Sacrum
• Iliac fossa
• Base of sacrum

Question 2

What are the main roles of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 2

• Stability/ weight bearing
• Transmission of weight to lower limbs
• Less mobility than pectoral girdle
• Hence bonce fusion/ joint characteristics

Question 3

What are the pelvic girdle joints?

Answer 3

• Sacroiliac joint
• Lumbosacral joint
• Acetabulum
• Head of femur
• Sacro- coccygeal joint
• Pubis symphysis

Question 4

The patella=

Answer 4

• Is a sesamoid (free floating) bone
• Improves mechanical efficiency of quads by shifting the fulcrum
• Protects anterior aspect of tibiofemoral joint.

Question 5

Osgood Schlatter disease=

Answer 5

a condition that causes pain and swelling below the knee joint, where the patellar tendon attaches to the top of the shinbone (tibia), a spot called the tibial tuberosity. There may also be inflammation of the patellar tendon, which stretches over the kneecap.

Question 6

Knee menisci=

Answer 6

c-shaped pad of cartilage in the knee, they are fibrocartilaginous discs. They:
- Stabilise
- Lubricate joint
- Aid rotation
- Protect hyaline cartilage
- Shock absorb
(SLAP)

Question 7

What are the ligaments of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 7

• Sacrospinous ligaments
• Sacrotuberous ligaments
• Iliolumbar ligaments
  = They stabilise sacroiliac joint and resist rotational forces

Question 8

What is pelvic girdle pubic symphysis dysfunction?

Answer 8

• Where sacroiliac joint becomes unstable
• Causing stretching or disassociation, where the pubic symphysis gap increases by 1cm or more.

Question 9

Explain the sexual dimorphism of the pelvic girdle

Answer 9

Female- sacrum curves less ventrally
Male- sacrum curves ventrally

Question 10

Explain what happens during a fractured neck of femur, and the consequences

Answer 10

• the ball on the top of the femur has broken off at its junction with the neck of the upper thigh bone, within the hip joint.
• this causes an increased risk of avascular necrosis, which is a type of osteonecrosis due to disruption of blood supply to the proximal femur.