Ovarian Pathology Flashcards
what are the elements that ovarian cysts can arise from
Follicular e.g. polycystic ovaries Luteal Endometriotic Epithelial Mesothelial
most common type of ovarian cyst
follicular
when can follicular cysts form
when ovulation doesn’t occur (polycystic ovaries) - follicle doesn’t rupture + grows until it becomes a cyst
what cells line follicular cysts
granulosa cells
Management of follicular cysts
usually resolve after a few months
what is endometriosis
endometrial glands + stroma outside the uterine body
classic appearance of endometriosis cysts
chocolate cysts
effects of endometriosis
Pelvic inflammation, infertility, pain, malignancy
Staging of ovarian cancer
1- confined to 1 or both ovaries
2- spread to other local organs e.g. uterus, Fallopian tube
3- spread beyond the pelvis within the abdomen
4- spread into other organs.e.g liver, lung
two main types of ovarian cancer
> 90% epithelial cell
<10% germ cell, granulosa cell
second most common type of ovarian cyst
luteal cyst
ovarian cancer risk factors
>50 years old nulliparity (never had kids) early menarche \+ve family history BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation
what marker is raised in 80% of ovarian cancers
CA 125
Symptoms of ovarian cancer
persistent 'bloating' abdo distension early satiety weight loss change in bowel habit fatigue abdo pain
1st line investigation for ovarian cancer
transvaginal USS
2nd line investigation for ovarian cancer
CT
Treatment of ovarian cancer
surgery= hysterectomy, bilateral saplingo-oophorectomy + chemotherapy
most common epithelial cell ovarian tumour
serous carcinoma
how can ovarian serous carcinomas be split
high grade
low grade
precursor for high grade serous carcinoma
Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma
precursor for low grade serous carcinoma
serous borderline tumour
what are mucinous epithelial cells characterised by
mucin filled cyst lined by columnar glandular cells
what tumour is associated with ovarian endometriosis
clear cell carcinomas
what is a Brenner tumour
tumour of transitional type epithelium in the ovary
what are teratomas
benign tumours developed from a dermoid cyst
what can be contained in a dermoid cyst
hair, skin, gut, fat, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
how are teratomas discovered
incidental finding
treatment of teratoma
excised from ovary
most common malignant germ cell tumour
dysgenminoma
why is teratoma not the most common germ cell tumour
they are benign 90% of the time
what might a teratoma produce
AFP
HCG
most common germ cell tumour in kids
yolk sac tumour
what are the sex cord tumours
Fibroma/thecoma
granulosa cell tumour
sertoli-leydig cell tumours
features of a fibroma/thecoma
benign
may produce oestrogen- uterine bleeding
what is a granulosa cell tumour characterised by
Call Exner bodies
what do granulosa cell tumours secrete
oestrogen
what do sertoli-leydig cell tumours secrete
androgens
presentation of sertoli-leydig tumour
Hirsutism, acne, obesity, amenorrhea, anxiety, alopecia
