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Reproduction Year 3 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 functions of the ovary

A 
Produce gametes (oogenesis)
Produce steroids (oestrogen + progesterone)
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2
Q

what is contained in the medulla of the ovary

A

It is the core of the ovary

Contains loose connective tissue, arteries, veins and lymphatics

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3
Q

Describe the structure of the cortex of the ovary

A

Has an outer shell called the tunica albuginea

This is covered by a single layer of cuboidal cells (germinal epithelium/)

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4
Q

At what stage of development are oogonia formed

A

week 6

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5
Q

How are oogonia formed

A

Germ cells from yolk sac invade the ovaries and proliferate by mitosis – oogonia

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6
Q

how do oogonia become oocytes (ova)

A

undergo development and division by meiosis

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7
Q

define oogenesis

A

development of oocytes from oogonia

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8
Q

define atresia

A

loss of oogonia and oocytes by apoptosis

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9
Q

define folliculogenesis

A

growth of the follicle- consists of oocyte + support cells

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10
Q

what happens if an oocyte fails to associate with a pregranulosa cell

A

it dies

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11
Q

what are pregranulosa cells

A

follicle cells

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12
Q

what cell type are pregranulosa cells before and after the growth phase

A

squamous cells pre growth phase

cuboidal cells once they enter growth phase

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13
Q

what is the primary follicle

A

cuboidal granulosa cells

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14
Q

what is the theca folliculi

A

the structure formed when stromal cells associate with the primary follicle

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15
Q

what is the zona pellucida

A

special layer of extracellular matrix between oocyte + granulosa cells

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16
Q

what does the inner layer of the theca folliculi become

A

theca interna

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17
Q

what does the theca interna secrete

A

oestrogen precursors

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18
Q

which cells convert oestrogen precursors to oestrogen

A

granulosa cells

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19
Q

what is the secondary follicle formed from

A

the Antrum of the primary follicle

20
Q

which follicles are the largest

A

Graafian follicles

21
Q

One day before ovulation the oocyte in the largest Graafian follicle completes meiosis. What is produced?

A

Not two equal cells, but one cell called a secondary oocyte

22
Q

what stage of meiosis does the secondary oocyte stop at

A

metaphase

23
Q

when will the secondary oocyte complete meiosis

A

only after it has been ovulated + fertilised

24
Q

what happens to the follicle after ovulation

A

it becomes the corpus luteum

25
Q

what does the corpus luteum secrete

A

progesterone via granulosa cells

26
Q

If there is no implantation, what happens to the corpus luteum

A

it degenerates into the corpus albicans

27
Q

what happens if implantation occurs

A

secretion of HCG

28
Q

Name the parts of the uterine tube

A

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Fimbrae

29
Q

where does fertilisation occur

A

The ampulla

30
Q

describe the mucosa of the ampulla

A

Mucosa is folded + lined with columnar epithelium with ciliated cells and secretory cells
It is surrounded by smooth muscle

31
Q

name the 3 layers of the uterus wall

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

32
Q

which layer is shed during menstruation

A

endometrium

33
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle are in the myometrium

A

3

34
Q

what tissue type covers the perimetrium

A

mesothelium

35
Q

what is the endometrium divided into

A

stratum functionalis

stratum basalis

36
Q

what is the stratum functionalis

A

layer of the endometrium that undergoes monthly growth, degeneration and loss

37
Q

what is the stratum basalis

A

layer of endometrial reserve tissue that regenerates the functionalis

38
Q

what substance do the glands in the endometrium secrete

A

glycogen

39
Q

what physiological processes lead to shedding of the endometrium in menstruation

A

Arteriole constriction
Deprives tissues of blood-ischaemia
results in breakdown + leakage of blood

40
Q

what is the cervix composed of

A

fibrous connective tissue

41
Q

what is the transitional zone of the cervix

A

the area where the histology changes from stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium

42
Q

What is the mucous secreted by endocervical glands like in the proliferative phase

A

thin + watery

43
Q

what is the mucous secreted by the endocervical glands like following ovulation

A

thick + viscous

44
Q

what is a nabothian cyst

A

a blocked endocervical gland

45
Q

name the 4 layers of the vagina

A
  1. non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
  2. lamina propria
  3. Fibromuscular layer
  4. Adventitia
46
Q

when is the non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of the vagina thickest

A

reproductive years due to glycogen accumulation

47
Q

what is the role of the commensal bacteria of the vagina

A

metabolise glycogen to lactic acid– inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria

Reproduction Year 3 (36 decks)

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