Newborn Conditions Flashcards
what is gastroschisis
paraumbilical defect with extrusion of the abdominal contents
where are the intestines seen in gastroschisis
to the right of the umbilicus
What is exomphalos
contents of the abdomen have herniated into the umbilical cord
Often the liver
Investigation for gastroschisis/exomphalos
MS-AFP (Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein) Raised in both conditions, but higher levels in gastroschisis
USS
MRI
Management of gastroschisis/exomphalos
Gastroschisis- corrective surgery
Exomphalos- corrective surgery, protect the hernia
what is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia
defect in the diaphragm allowing herniation of the abdominal contents into the chest
Causes impaired lung development i.e. pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension
Signs of congenital diaphragmatic hernia
respiratory distress
bowel sounds in one hemithorax
feeding difficulties
abdo distension
what is cystic fibrosis associated with in the newborn
meconium ileus
what is meconium ileus
meconium is extremely sticky
gets stuck in the bowel and the infant is unable to pass a stool
symptoms of meconium ileus
failure to pass stool
difficulty feeding
vomiting
Distended bowel loops
investigation of meconium ileus
Contrast Enema
what is malrotation
small intestine in the wrong place (typically found on the right hand side of the abdomen)
main symptom of malrotation
bile green vomit
Investigation + treatment of malrotation
Upper GI contrast
Surgery
what artery supplies the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
what is atresia
there is not a connection between one end of the intestine to the mesentery
most common form of atresia
Jejunal
Jejunum twists around marginal artery
mnemonic to remember teratology of fallot
PROVe
Pulmonary stenosis
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Over-riding aorta
Ventricular septal defect
what is transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
pulmonary artery and the aorta are swapped over
PA is joined to the left ventricle, and aorta is joined to the right ventricle
symptoms of TGA
cyanosis
Systolic murmur
Congestive heart failure
CXR of TGA
Egg shaped heart
what can be heard in coarctation (narrowing) of the aorta
Systolic murmur at left sternal edge
what can be seen on CXR of coarctation of the aorta
rib notching
what does coarctation of the aorta cause in relation to feeling pulses
Radial-femoral delay
Symptoms of cortication of the aorta
Increased BP in arms
Epistaxis
Decreased blood to the legs- cold legs, diminished pulses, heart failure, failure to thrive
what is potter syndrome
pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios (lack of amniotic fluid) and compression while in the uterus
What can cause oligohydramnios
renal failure
what is hydroceles
fluid filled sac around the testes
management of hydroceles
most go away on their own after 2 months
Surgery considered after 2 years
