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Reproduction Year 3 > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

what does HIV cause

A

acquired immunodeficiency (AIDS)

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2
Q

what type of virus is HIV

A

retrovirus

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3
Q

what is the target site for HIV

A

CD4+ receptors

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4
Q

effects of HIV on the immune system

A
  1. decreases circulating CD4+ cells
  2. decreases proliferation of CD4+ cells
  3. decreases CD8+ T cell activation
  4. decreases affinity of antibodies
  5. chronic immune activation
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5
Q

what does HIV make people more susceptible to

A

viral infections
fungal infections
mycobacterial infections
infection-induced cancers

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6
Q

what is the normal CD4+ parameters

A

500-1600

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7
Q

what are the key features of HIV viral replication

A

rapid replication in very early and very late infection

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8
Q

what cells does the HIV virus first infect

A

mucosal CD4 cells
transported to regional lymph nodes
infection established within 3 days of entry

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9
Q

when can post exposure prophylaxis be given and why

A

within 72 hours of first exposure as the infection needs 3 days to become established

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10
Q

when do primary HIV symptoms occur

A

2-4 weeks after infection

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11
Q

HIV symptoms seen in 80% of people

A 
Fever 
maculopapular rash
myalgia
pharyngitis 
headache
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12
Q

why are people with primary HIV infection high risk

A

they have a high viral load

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13
Q

what is an opportunistic infection

A

infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce disease in a healthy individual

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14
Q

what type of pneumonia is seen in HIV

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

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15
Q

what organism causes pneumocystis pneumonia

A

pneumocystis jiroveci

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16
Q

what does the CD4 count need to be for pneumonia to cause symptoms? what are the symptoms?

A

<200

SOB, dry cough, insidious onset

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17
Q

Diagnostic investigation for pneumocystis pneumonia

A

bronchoalveolar lavage + immunofluorescence +/- PCR

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18
Q

treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia

A

high dose co-trimoxazole +/- steroids

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19
Q

What organism causes cerebral toxoplasmosis

A

toxoplasma gondii (fungal infection)

20
Q

what CD4 count is there for toxoplasma gondii to cause symptoms

A

<150

21
Q

what is seen on CT scan of cerebral toxoplasmosis

A

multiple ring enhancing lesions

22
Q

symptoms of cerebral toxoplasmosis

A 
headache
fever
focal neurology 
seizures
Increased ICP 
Decreased conscious levels
23
Q

what does the CD4 count have to be for CMV to cause symptoms

A

<50

24
Q

what does CMV cause

A

Retinitis
Oesophagitis
Colitis

ROC

25
Q

symptoms of CMV

A

Abdo pain, diarrhoea, PR bleeding, decreased visual acuity, floaters

26
Q

what is offered to HIV patients with CD4 count <50

A

ophthalmic screening to detect CMV

27
Q

what organism causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

JC virus

28
Q

symptoms of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

focal neurology, confusion, personality change

29
Q

what form of HIV causes neurocognitive impairment

A

HIV 1

30
Q

What is the pattern with HIV and neurocognitive impairment

A

Increased incidence with increased immunosuppression

31
Q

what is ‘slims disease’

A

HIV associated wasting/cachexia

32
Q

what cancers are related to AIDS

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma
non-hodgkins lymphoma
cervical cancer

33
Q

what organism is associated with kaposi’s sarcoma

A

human herpes virus 8 (HHV8)

34
Q

pathology of kaposi’s sarcoma

A

vascular tumour

35
Q

where can kaposi’s sarcoma occur

A

cutaneous, mucosal, visceral (pulmonary/GI)

36
Q

treatment of kaposi’s sarcoma

A

HAART
local therapies
systemic chemotherapy

37
Q

what organism causes non-hodgkins lymphoma

A

EBV

38
Q

Haematological manifestations of HIV

A

anaemia

Thrombocytopenia

39
Q

how is HIV most commonly transmitted

A

sex (mostly men who have sex with men)

40
Q

where are the endemic areas of HIV

A

Sub-saharan africa
Caribbean
Thailand

41
Q

after how long is HIV antibody made

A

3 months of being infected

42
Q

best test for HIV

A

4th generation HIV test- combined antibody + antigen

43
Q

what is HAART

A

highly active anti-retroviral therapy

i.e. a combination of 3 drugs from at least 2 drug classes to which the virus is susceptible

44
Q

Examples of single tablet formulations of HAART

A

tenofovir
Emitricitabine
Efavirenz

45
Q

side effects of HAART

A

GI: nausea, diarrhoea, abdo pain, vomitting
Skin: hypersensitivity, rash, steven Johnston syndrome
CNS: mood changes, psychosis
Renal: proximal renal tublopathies
Bone: osteomalacia
CVS: Increased MI risk
Haematology: anaemia

Reproduction Year 3 (36 decks)

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