Menopause

Question 1

average age of menopause

Answer 1

51

Question 2

what is classed as early menopause

Answer 2

<45

Question 3

what is classed as premature menopause

Answer 3

<40

Question 4

what is classed as late menopause

Answer 4

> 54

Question 5

what cells secrete oestrogen

Answer 5

granulosa cells

Question 6

symptoms of menopause

Answer 6

Hot flushes
Night sweats
Palpitations
Insomnia
Joint Aches
Headaches

Question 7

psychological symptoms of menopause

Answer 7

mood swings
irritability
anxiety 
difficulty concentrating
forgetfulness

Question 8

sexual symptoms of menopause

Answer 8

vaginal dryness

decreased libido

Question 9

Later symptoms of menopause

Answer 9

Recurrent UTIs
Increased urinary frequency 
Dysuria
Incontinence
Dry hair + skin
Atrophy of breasts + genitals

Question 10

how in menorrhagia in menopause treated

Answer 10

Mefenamic/tranexamic acid
Progesterones
Endometrial ablation
IUS 
Hysterectomy

Question 11

why is HRT given

Answer 11

symptoms of menopause are due to the declining levels of oestrogen
HRT given to patients where the symptoms are intolerable

Question 12

what are the benefits of HRT

Answer 12

Improved quality of life
Reduced chances of osteoporotic fracture
Reduced bowel cancer

Question 13

what are the risks of HRT

Answer 13

increase risk of breast cancer, endometrium cancer

Using for more than 10years doubles the risk of ovarian cancer

Question 14

what are the HRT types

Answer 14

oestrogen only

oestrogen + progesterone

Question 15

who gets oestrogen + progesterone HRT

Answer 15

Women who still have a uterus (reduces risk of endometrium cancer)

Question 16

HRT contraindications

Answer 16

Oestrogen dependent cancers
Past PE
Increased LFTs
Breast feeding
undiagnosed vaginal bleeding

Question 17

HRT side effects

Answer 17

weight gain
cholestasis (reduction in bile flow)
vomiting