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Reproduction Year 3 > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what organisms make up the normal vaginal flora

A

lactobacillus
Strep viridian’s
Group B strep
Candida

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2
Q

why is lactobacillus important for the vaginal flora

A

produces lactic acid + hydrogen peroxide which suppresses the growth of other bacteria

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3
Q

what are the non-sexually transmitted genital tract infections

A

candida infection- vaginal thrush
bacterial vaginosis
prostatitis

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4
Q

predisposing factors for candida infection

A

recent antibiotic therapy
poorly controlled diabetes
High oestrogen levels ( e.g. pregnancy, certain types of contraceptive)
Immunocompromised patients

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5
Q

symptoms of candida infection

A

intensely itchy white vaginal discharge- cottage cheese discharge
spotty rash

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6
Q

diagnosis of candida infection

A

clinical diagnosis

High vaginal swab (HVS) for culture

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7
Q

1st line treatment for candida infection

A

topical clotrimazole 500mg (2-3 times daily)

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8
Q

2nd line treatment for candida infection

A

oral fluconazole 150mg + topical clotrimazole 500mg

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9
Q

what is the appearance of candida ablicans

A

yeast structure with budding

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10
Q

symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

A

thin, watery, fishy smelling discharge

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11
Q

investigation of bacterial vaginosis

A

clinical diagnosis
Raised vaginal pH (pH >4.5)
HVS

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12
Q

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole 500mg twice daily

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13
Q

classification of prostatitis

A
  1. acute
  2. chronic
  3. chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
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14
Q

symptoms of prostatitis

A

UTI symptoms- dysuria, increased frequency, nocturia, haematuria
Lower abdominal pain, back pain, penile pain
Tender prostate on examination

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15
Q

what organism causes bacterial prostatitis

A

E.Coli

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16
Q

if a patient has acute bacterial prostatitis, what else should you test for

A

STI if <35, gonorrhoea, chlamydia

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17
Q

investigation for acute bacterial prostatitis

A

Clinical signs

Mid-stream Urine sample (MSSU)

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18
Q

What type of urine sample is used to test for STI

A

First pass urine

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19
Q

1st line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis

A

Ciprofloxacin for 28 days

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20
Q

2nd line treatment for acute bacterial prostatitis

A

Trimethoprim for 28 days if high C.Diff risk

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21
Q

commonest bacterial STI in the UK

A

Chlamydia

22
Q

where can chlamydia affect

A

urethra, throat, rectum, eyes

23
Q

how does chlamydia stain with gram stain

A

NO stain, as there is no peptidoglycan in the cell wall

24
Q

which serovars of chlamydia cause lymphogranuloma venereum

A

L1-L3

25
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum

A

inflammation of the rectum- can mimic crohn’s

rectal pain, discharge + bleeding

26
Q

treatment of chlamydia

A

Azithromycin 1g oral

Doxycycline 100mg bd 7 days for complicated case

27
Q

how is chlamydia diagnosed

A

NAAT

28
Q

How does neisseria gonorrhoea appear on gram staining

A

gram -ve diplococcus- like two kidney beans facing eachother

29
Q

where does gonorrhoea affect

A

mucous membranes of urethra, endocervix, rectum + pharynx

30
Q

male symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

purulent discharge

dysuria

31
Q

1st line treatment of gonorrhoea

A

IM ceftriaxone 500mg

32
Q

2nd line treatment of gonorrhoea

A

Cefixime 400mg oral

33
Q

co-treatment of gonorrhoea + chlamydia

A

IM ceftriaxone + oral azithromycin

34
Q

most common viral STI

A

Genital warts

35
Q

what causes genital warts

A

HPV 6 + 11

36
Q

Which type of HPV causes cancer

A

HPV 16 + 18

37
Q

How are genital warts spread

A

close contact

38
Q

treatment of genital warts

A

Cryotherapy
Imiquimod cream
Podophyllotoxin

39
Q

appearance of genital warts

A

whiter than the surrounding skin with a rough surface

40
Q

who gets a HPV vaccine

A

girls 11-13
men who have sex with men
people with HIV
Vaccinates against 6, 11, 16, 18

41
Q

what causes genital herpes

A

HSV 1

HSV 2

42
Q

Which form of HSV causes recurrent genital herpes

A

HSV 2

43
Q

which form of HSV causes cold sores

A

HSV 1

44
Q

how are genital herpes spread

A

genital-genital contact

oropharyngeal-genital contact

45
Q

presentation of genital herpes

A

painful multiple small vesicles that are easily deroofed

46
Q

investigation for genital herpes

A

swab of deroofed blister for PCR

47
Q

Treatment for genital herpes

A

Aciclovir
pain relief
topical lidocaine if very painful

48
Q

What is trichomonas vaginalis

A

single celled protozoal parasite

49
Q

symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis

A

vaginal discharge
irritation
urethritis in males

50
Q

Investigation of trichomonas vaginalis

A

HVS (females)

Mid-stream urine sample (males)

51
Q

treatment of trichomonas vaginalis

A

oral metronidazole

52
Q

treatment for lice

A

mathalion lotion

Reproduction Year 3 (36 decks)

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