Ortho

Question 1

Genu Varum is normal until __

Answer 1

18 months

Question 2

Large calves and difficulty rising

Answer 2

muscular dystrophy

Question 3

drop arm test

Answer 3

raise the patients arm towards the sky, and then have pt try to slowly bring it back to side. if it drops quickly=rotator cuff tear

Question 4

Anterior Drawer Test

Answer 4

have patient bend knee and draw patients leg to you. tests for ACL laxity. + if tibia moves

Question 5

overgrowth of tibial tubercle caused by repetitive knee extension and flexion

Answer 5

osgood schlatter’s

Question 6

osgood schlatter’s tx

Answer 6

rest/decrease activity, ice, nsaid

Question 7

patellar swelling and subtle atrophy.inhibition/creptius

Answer 7

patellofemoral syndrome

Question 8

patellofemoral syndrome more common in __

Answer 8

girls

Question 9

apprehension test

Answer 9

put a twoel under affected knee and press down and move patella forward and backward. presence of grinding or pain indicates abnormal knee

Question 10

lachman test

Answer 10

tests for torn anterior cruciate ligament. done by having the examiner placing one hand behind the tibia and the other on the patient’s thigh. It is important that the examiner’s thumb be on the tibial tuberosity. On pulling the tibia anteriorly, an intact ACL should prevent forward translational movement of the tibia on the femur

Question 11

idiopathic toe walking normal until age __

Answer 11

2y

Question 12

Persistent toe walking: toe walking lasting longer than _ months after independent walking has begun can continue over the age of __ and can resolve by up to __ years

Answer 12

6mos, 3y, 5y

Question 13

assessment of toe walking past age of 2

Answer 13

can be sign of upper motor neuron disease. do reflexes and ask kid to raise from sitting position from floor

Question 14

red flags for persistent toe walking

Answer 14

cant heel strike when requested.
muscle bulk or wasting in lower extremities
increased reflexes

Question 15

injury that can happen when kid is pulled up by the hands or swung by the arms
Can also happen if a child’s arm is jerked

Answer 15

nursemaids elbow

Question 16

child keeps arm in slightly bent position and refuses to use or bend it
No swelling or deformity

Answer 16

nursemaids elbow

Question 17

nursemaids elbow dx

Answer 17

history and inspection of how kid hold’s arm

x-ray recently recommended

Question 18

nursemaids elbow tx

Answer 18

reduction by supinating and flexing the kids arm

Question 19

what to do if a kid has 3 fractures in 2 years

Answer 19

skeletal survey

Question 20

A kid has a click on hip exam, what test do you do

Answer 20

ortolani (always pick this unless they tell you that youre dislocating the hip)

Question 21

barlow test

Answer 21

popping hip out of socket

Question 22

ortolani

Answer 22

pushing hip back into socket

Question 23

Galeazzi sign/allis sign

Answer 23

is used to assess for hip dislocation, primarily in order to test for developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is performed by flexing an infant’s knees when they are lying down so that the feet touch the surface and the ankles touch the buttocks. If the knees are not level then the test is positive, indicating a potential congenital hip malformation.

Question 24

genu valgum normal ages and degrees

Answer 24

Genu valgum (10° to 15°) occurs between the ages of three and four and it is in this age group when referral for ‘knock knees’ is most common. This ‘physiological’ genu valgum corrects itself to the normal adult valgum of 7° to 8° by the age of between six and seven.

Question 25

child abuse

Answer 25

child that does not cruise does not bruise.

rib fractures are also indicative of child abuse

Question 26

sign of shaken baby syndrome

Answer 26

retinal hemorrhage

Question 27

what is leg calve perthes disease

Answer 27

an avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral head resulting from compromise of the tenuous blood supply to this area. LCPD usually occurs in children aged 4-10 years. The disease has an insidious onset and may occur after an injury to the hip

Question 28

an intermittent limp (abductor lurch), especially after exertion, with mild or intermittent pain in the anterior part of the thigh in a kid 4-10

Answer 28

leg calve perthes disease

Question 29

male, 12-14, that is overweight with thigh pain and a lump. negative hx for trauma. external rotation on exam and limited hip flexion.

Answer 29

scfe

Question 30

what age does intoeing resolve by usually

Answer 30

2y

Question 31

up til what age can in toeing correct itself

Answer 31

8y

Question 32

metatarsus adductus treatment

Answer 32

most will resolve within first few months of life. severe cases have been treated optimally between 6-9 months with casting

Question 33

when does arch in foot develop?

Answer 33

5y. do not need inserts or anything

Question 34

growing pain symtpoms

Answer 34

bilateral lower limb pain