Ortho Flashcards
Genu Varum is normal until __
18 months
Large calves and difficulty rising
muscular dystrophy
drop arm test
raise the patients arm towards the sky, and then have pt try to slowly bring it back to side. if it drops quickly=rotator cuff tear
Anterior Drawer Test
have patient bend knee and draw patients leg to you. tests for ACL laxity. + if tibia moves
overgrowth of tibial tubercle caused by repetitive knee extension and flexion
osgood schlatter’s
osgood schlatter’s tx
rest/decrease activity, ice, nsaid
patellar swelling and subtle atrophy.inhibition/creptius
patellofemoral syndrome
patellofemoral syndrome more common in __
girls
apprehension test
put a twoel under affected knee and press down and move patella forward and backward. presence of grinding or pain indicates abnormal knee
lachman test
tests for torn anterior cruciate ligament. done by having the examiner placing one hand behind the tibia and the other on the patient’s thigh. It is important that the examiner’s thumb be on the tibial tuberosity. On pulling the tibia anteriorly, an intact ACL should prevent forward translational movement of the tibia on the femur
idiopathic toe walking normal until age __
2y
Persistent toe walking: toe walking lasting longer than _ months after independent walking has begun can continue over the age of __ and can resolve by up to __ years
6mos, 3y, 5y
assessment of toe walking past age of 2
can be sign of upper motor neuron disease. do reflexes and ask kid to raise from sitting position from floor
red flags for persistent toe walking
cant heel strike when requested.
muscle bulk or wasting in lower extremities
increased reflexes
injury that can happen when kid is pulled up by the hands or swung by the arms
Can also happen if a child’s arm is jerked
nursemaids elbow
child keeps arm in slightly bent position and refuses to use or bend it
No swelling or deformity
nursemaids elbow
nursemaids elbow dx
history and inspection of how kid hold’s arm
x-ray recently recommended
nursemaids elbow tx
reduction by supinating and flexing the kids arm
what to do if a kid has 3 fractures in 2 years
skeletal survey
A kid has a click on hip exam, what test do you do
ortolani (always pick this unless they tell you that youre dislocating the hip)
barlow test
popping hip out of socket
ortolani
pushing hip back into socket
Galeazzi sign/allis sign
is used to assess for hip dislocation, primarily in order to test for developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is performed by flexing an infant’s knees when they are lying down so that the feet touch the surface and the ankles touch the buttocks. If the knees are not level then the test is positive, indicating a potential congenital hip malformation.
genu valgum normal ages and degrees
Genu valgum (10° to 15°) occurs between the ages of three and four and it is in this age group when referral for ‘knock knees’ is most common. This ‘physiological’ genu valgum corrects itself to the normal adult valgum of 7° to 8° by the age of between six and seven.
