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Pediatric studying torture > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Most common congenital anamoly

A

VSD

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2
Q

Trimester that cardiac anamolies occur

A

1st

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3
Q

Characteristics of pathological murmurs

A

Significant history of congenital anamoly
Loud and harsh
Diastolic murmur
Holosystolic murmur
Heart murmur with loud s2, diminished fem pulses, ejection click, cyanosis

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4
Q

murmur that is short, systolic and musical

A

still’s murmur (innocent)

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5
Q

soft blowing murmur that is vibratory and located at lower left sternal border that is louder supine and decreases or disappears with valsalva

A

still’s murmur

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6
Q

most common ages for still’s murmur

A

3-8 years

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7
Q

Murmur that is from mildly turbulent flow in the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary flow murmur (innocent)

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8
Q

short systolic ejection located at the upper left sternal border and most commonly occurs in late childhood and early adolescents

A

Pulmonary flow murmur (innocent)

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9
Q

Louder with expiration, normal split s2, thin body habitus, straight back syndrome, increased cardiac output, increases with supine position, increased with fever/anemia. Best heard in supine position with exhalation and intensifies with exercise

A

Pulmonary flow murmur (innocent)

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10
Q

systolic ejection that goes away by 6 months

A

Peripheral pulmonic stenosis murmur (innocent)

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11
Q

Peripheral pulmonic stenosis murmur assc symptoms that do not go away by 6 months

A

Williams syndrome and congenital rubella

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12
Q

Systolic ejection that his high pitched and harsh

A

Supraclavicular bruit (innocent)

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13
Q

Where are Supraclavicular bruits heard best

A

supraclavicular fossa on the right more than the left

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14
Q

Murmur that does not radiate too far

A

Supraclavicular bruit (innocent)

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15
Q

Murmur not heard below clavicle

A

Supraclavicular bruit (innocent)

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16
Q

Murmur that is not affected by sitting or lying

A

Supraclavicular bruit (innocent)

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17
Q

Murmur that is louder in diastole

A

Venous hum (innocent)

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18
Q

Murmur that disappears with change in head position, digital pressure, and lying supine

A

Venous hum (innocent)

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19
Q

Murmur that is continuous (louder in diastole) and loudest when sitting or standing

A

Venous hum (innocent)

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20
Q

Murmur that disappears with laying down and turning the head

A

Venous hum (innocent)

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21
Q

Wide fixed split s2 with 3/6 systolic ejection murmur at USB 2nd intervostal space

A

ASD

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22
Q

2-4/6 holosytolic murmur at LLSB. Thrill present if 4/6 or greater

A

VSD

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23
Q

Think if preterm inflant weighing less than 1500g

A

PDA

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24
Q

Murmur that is machine like in quality with systolic and diastolic murmur

A

PDA

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25
Q

Single S1 or very slightly spilt S2

A

TPA

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26
Q

Egg on a string x-ray

A

TPA

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27
Q

Tetrology of fallot patho

A

Right pulmonary outflow tract obstruction
Right ventricular hypertrophy
VSD
Overiding aorta

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28
Q

Boot shape on xray

A

ToF

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29
Q

Loud harsh ejection murmur with thrill

A

ToF

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30
Q

Tricuspid valve patho

A

Absent tricuspid valve and underdeveloped right ventricle

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31
Q

Single S1

A

Tricuspid atresia

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32
Q

Pulmonary atresia patho

A

no pulmonary valve and underdeveloped right ventricle

33
Q

Thrill at right upper sternal border

A

aortic stenosis

34
Q

ejection click and harsh systolic ejection murmur at aortic area with radiation to neck

A

aortic stenosis

35
Q

systolic ejection murmur that begins early in systole after the click

A

aortic stenosis

36
Q

Systolic murmur loudest at LUSB grade 2-5/6 associated with a click

A

Pulmonic stenosis

37
Q

Click decreases with inspiration and increased with expiration

A

Pulmonic stenosis

38
Q

Trhill at the LUSB that radiates to back and sides

A

Pulmonic stenosis

39
Q

Bruit at LUSB

A

Coarctation of aorta

40
Q

Coarctation gender affected

A

Male to female 2:1

41
Q

Grade 2-3/6 systolic ejection murmur with radiation to left interscapular area

A

Pulmonic stenosis

42
Q

Murmurs associated with Charge

A

VSD/ASD

43
Q

Murmurs associated with DiGeorge

A

Aortic arch anomalies, tet

44
Q

Murmurs associated with Downs

A

AV canal, atrioventricular septal defects, VSD

45
Q

Murmurs associated with Marfans

A

Aortic root dissection, MVP

46
Q

Murmurs associated with Noonan’s

A

PS, ASD

47
Q

Murmurs associated with Turners

A

Coarction of aorta

48
Q

Murmurs associated with Williams

A

Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis

49
Q

CHF S&S

A 
inc respiratory rate
Poor feeding
dec exercise tolerance
chronic cough
tachycardia
Hepatosplenomegaly
Pallor
Mottling
Puffy eye lids
Weak peripheral pulses
Wheezes and rales
50
Q

Fever lasting 5 or more days

A

Kawasaki

51
Q

Kawasaki symptoms

A

Fever >5 days
Polymorphous rash
Hands and feet erythematous and swollen
Cervical lymphadenopathy

52
Q

Acute phase reactants in kawasaki

A

ESR CRp

53
Q

Kawasaki treatment

A

IV gamma globulin (IGG)

ASA

54
Q

may have biventricular outflow tract obstruction in infancy and older children may be asymptomatic

A

HCM

55
Q

Murmur that increases as patient stands from squating

A

HCM

56
Q

Rheumatic fever labs

A

ASO (antistreptolysin O titers)

DNAse B and antihyaluronidase titers

57
Q

Rheumatif fever treatment

A

Anti inflammatory therapy with ASA for arthritis without carditis
Naproxen 25-30 mg/kg/day in 3 doses
Taper naproxen over 4-6 weeks until all signs of inflammation are done
Sed rate must return to normal

58
Q

Prevention of ARC

A

Benzathine Pen G

Pen V 250mg bid

59
Q

Chest pain, respiratory distress, CHF, or tamponade, precordial knock or rub (shoes on snow sound)

A

Pericarditis

60
Q

Exercise intolerance, fatigue, jugular distention, lower extremity edema, hepatomegaly, poor distal pulses, dimished heart tones, and pulsus paradoxus

A

Pericarditis

61
Q

Common bacterial agents of endocarditits

A

S viridians, S aureus

62
Q

Fever, tachy, dysrhythmia, cardiogenic shock, hx of recent cardiac surgery or indwelling catheter. Petechiae, septic embolii, petechiae and purpura, Osler’s nodes (tips, pain). Janeway lesions (proximal palms and soles)

A

Endocarditis

63
Q

Physiologic splitting of s2

A

normal variant!

64
Q

Management of kid with bp >95%ile

A

repeat bp in 1 week

65
Q

Heard best at the right upper sternal border

A

venous hum

66
Q

Decreased femoral pulses

A

coarctation of the aorta

67
Q

Wide pulse pressure with low diastolic bp

A

aortic regurgitation

68
Q

most common cause of myocarditits

A

viral/coxsackie b

69
Q

Describe aortic stenosis

A

thrill at rusb, ejection click, harsh systolic murmur with radiation to neck

70
Q

Describe pulmonic stenosis

A

lusb with a clock
click decreases w inspiratiom, incr with expiration
thrill at LUSB radiating to back and sides

71
Q

describe peripheral pulmonic stenosis murmur

A

systolic ejection
disappears by 6 months
heard in chest/axillae

72
Q

describe a pulmonary flow murmur

A

short systolic ejection louder with expiration
Upper LSB, LSB, transmits to the back
all ages, straight back, thin body
Increases with supine position, cardiac out put fever, anemia
Soft blowing, no click or thrill

73
Q

Describe a still’s murmur

A

short systolic musical soft blowing vibrating, buzzing twangy string sound
LLSB louder when supine, disppears with valsalva
Common in 3-8 year olds

74
Q

S+S of secondary htn

A

increased bp >95% on at least 3 occasions

75
Q

Describe coartation of the aorta

A

Bruit at LUSB
2-3/6 systolic ejection murmur with rad to L interscapular area
Can have bicuspid aortic valve
Decreases pulse/BP in lower extremities

76
Q

Characteristics of a VSD

A

2-4/6 holosystolic murmur at LLSB
Throll if 4/6
LVH, LAH can occur

77
Q

characteristics of asd

A

wide fixed split s2
2nd intercostal space
RVH

78
Q

describe a pda

A

machine like murmur
common in preterm infants
can have hypertrophy

79
Q

describe hcm

A

murmur increases when child stands

assc with sudden cardiac death

Pediatric studying torture (23 decks)

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