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Pediatric studying torture > Derm!!!!! fml > Flashcards

Derm!!!!! fml Flashcards

1
Q

describe a macule

A

circumscribed change without elevation or depression

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2
Q

describe a papule

A

solid small elevated lesion .5 cm or less

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3
Q

describe a plaque

A

raised solid lesions greater than .5 cm

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4
Q

describe a nodule

A

palpable solid lesion greater than .5 cm but less than 2 cm

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5
Q

describe a vesicle

A

circumscribed elevated lesion .5 cm or less with fluid

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6
Q

describe a pustule

A

contains pus

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7
Q

describe purpura

A

non blanching erythema due to extravasation of blood into subcutaneous tissue

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8
Q

describe lichenification

A

thickened skin

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9
Q

Scaling of the scalp that results from over production of sebaceous secretion and erythema scaling

A

neonatal seborrhea

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10
Q

scaling of scalp face, chest, and skin folds in neonates

A

neonatal seborrhea

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11
Q

neonatal seborrhea tx

A

apply oil to scalp for 1 hour then loosen

wash hair with antidandruff shampoo (selenium sulfide)

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12
Q

alopecia areata screening test you have to do

A

TSH

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13
Q

describe telogen effluvium

A

loss of hair is generalized and acute onset
Reactive and is caused by severe illness, surgery, emotional stress, crash diet, pregnancy, and endocrine issues
Can be 3 months between stressful event and hair loss

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14
Q

describe anagen effluvium

A

Sudden loss of hair due to systemic insult such as chemo

Lots of of hair in active phase

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15
Q

Describe alopecia areata

A

Autoimmune
Discrete circrumscribed round patches of non inflammatory hair loss
Common to lose in scalp/beard/eyebrows and eye lashes
Exclamation point hairs at periphery of hair loss

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16
Q

Discrete circrumscribed round patches of non inflammatory hair loss

A

alopecia areata

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17
Q

hair loss in scalp/beard/eyebrows and eye lashes

A

alopecia areata

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18
Q

Peak incidence of tinea capitis

A

school age 3-9

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19
Q

How is tinea capitis transmitted

A

Fomites/person to person

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20
Q

Agent of tinea capitis

A

Trichophyton tonsurans/micosporum A

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21
Q

Itchy head with patcju alopecia

A

tinea capitis

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22
Q

Black dot form: most common w erythematous scaling patch that enlarges and hair loss is present

A

tinea capitis

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23
Q

grey patches that are well demarcated erythematous and scaling over the scalp. singular or multiple

A

tinea capitis

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24
Q

Describe tinea favosa

A

Perifollicular erythema that progresses to yellow crusting . May progress to large boggy inflammatory mass assc with scarring alopecia.

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25
Q

Tinea capitis tx

A

Griseofulvin 15/20 mg/kg
Terbinafine (lamasil) tablet 2-6 mg/kg/day fpr 2-4 weeks
Can give selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo

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26
Q

Tinea capitis exclusion from school?

A

not after therapy is started

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27
Q

History of a chronic or relapsing skin condition

A

atopic dermatitis

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28
Q

Intense itching and itchiness with eczematous changes

A

atopic derm

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29
Q

Acute findings of AD in infants

A 
pruitis
papules, vesicles, edema
serous discharge and crusts
dry skin with dry hair and scalp--diaper area usually spared
lichenification not generally seen
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30
Q

Chronic findings of atopic derm

A

Lichenification
Scratch marks
Generalized xerosis with flaky and rough skin

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31
Q

Key features of AD

A

tendency toward dry skin and a lowered threshold for itching

worse during the winter and with heat in the summer

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32
Q

Agents that cause secondary infection of AD

A

staph aureus (most common) and strep pyogenes

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33
Q

Management of AD

A

rehydrating stratum corneum with lubrication=1st line
Apply moisturizer shortly after a bath
–An oitnment based emollient (vaseline) can be applied while still damp
If moisturizing doesnt work use topical corticosteroids for maintenance and exacerbations

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34
Q

Pharmacotherapy of AD (antihistamines)

A

antihistamine have little affect on itching but sedating doses at night help relieve pruritus (Hydroxyzine benadryl)

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35
Q

Pharmacotherapy of AD (topical corticosteroids)

A

Gels penetrate well and effective in managing acute weeping or vesicular lesions
Ointments penetrate more effectively than creams or lotions and provide occlusion

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36
Q

Classes of topical corticosteroids

A

7, classes with 1 being very high potency and 7 being the lowest

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37
Q

Pharmacotherapy of AD (Topical calcineurin inhibitors)

A

2nd line. steroid sparing and BB warning for lymphoma risk

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38
Q

Pharmacotherapy of AD (cool coal tar)

A

not recommended

39
Q

Misc tx of AD

A

wet wrap therapy
prescription emollients (epicream)
Eucrisa
Bleach baths w intranasal topical mupirocin for 3 months. (bathe w 1/8 - 1/4 cup of chlorine bleach in full tub of bath water 2x a week in kids with recurrent infections

40
Q

Tx of secondary skin infections in AD

A

oral antibiotic esp if suspect s aureus or s pyogenes.

1st gen cephalosporin

41
Q

Keratoconus

A

when the cornea thins out and bulges like a cone. Changing the shape of the cornea brings light rays out of focus. As a result, your vision is blurry and distorted, making daily tasks like reading or driving difficult.

Seen in AD complications

42
Q

Age group acne affects

A

neonates and adolescents

43
Q

Patho of acne

A
  1. Abnormal keratinization at the hair follicle that leads to pluggings
  2. androgen stimulation of sebaceous gland inc sebum production
  3. p acne hrydolyses sebum causing inflations and neutrophils
  4. neutrophils release lysosomal enzynes leading to pus
44
Q

Management of mild acne

A
  1. Topical antibiotics such as clindamycin/erythromycin
  2. Benzoyl peroxide agents
  3. Retinoids such as Retin A`
45
Q

Management of moderate acne

A
  1. Topical antibiotics such as clindamycin/erythromycin or ral if not responsive
  2. Oral contraceptives
46
Q

Severe nodulocystic acne treatment

A

Retin A (retinoid)

47
Q

Common causes of allergic contact derm

A

Nickel, neomycin, posion ivy, oak or sumac

48
Q

Allergic contact derm patho

A

type iv hypersensitivity, develop symptoms 48-72 hours post exposure

49
Q

Allergic contact derm symptoms

A

Vesicular or eczematous eruption with linear papules (koebnar phenomena)

50
Q

Vesicular or eczematous eruption with linear papules (koebnar phenomena)

A

Allergic contact derm symptoms

51
Q

Management of allergic contact derm

A
  1. avoid allergen
  2. Systemic steroids
  3. High or medium topical for 2-3 weeks
52
Q

Permanent red/purple vascular lesion on the face or neck that enlarges with time

A

Port wine stain/nevus flammeus

53
Q

Stork bite/Salmon patch

A

Most common vascular lesion. fade within 1st year of life

54
Q

benign neoplasms composed of proliferating vascular endothelium seen on head and neck

A

strawberry hemangioma

55
Q

strawberry hemangioma course

A
  1. develop during first few months of life with rapid growth up until 6 months
  2. 50% go away by 5y, 70% by 7y, 90% by 9y
  3. if near head/neck a subglottic hemangioma can obstruct airway
56
Q

strawberry hemangioma course tx

A

Beta blocker

Can use laser

57
Q

Port wine stain course

A

Present at birth and presist through life with darkening and thickening over the year

58
Q

Port wine stain over entire half of face, never fades and may be elevated

A

Sturge weber syndrome

59
Q

Management of diaper dermatitis

A

Keep area dry and clean
Limit use of occlusive plastic diapers
Topical steroid should be used w caution
Associated candidiasis needs tx

60
Q

Lice types and infectious agent

A

Pediculus humanus variety corporis: Hair and body
Pthirus pubic=crab lice
Sarcoptes Scabiei

61
Q

Features of lice

A

Itch
Nits or eggs are visible on hair shaft and eggs fluoresce w a wood’s lamp
With body lice you will see lice on clothe and sheets, not on skin

62
Q

Lice treatment

A

Pyrethrins (RID) or Permetrhin (nix)

Kwell=second line

63
Q

Intense pruritic exanthem with J shaped linear burrows and pink encrusted papules on wrist

A

Lice

64
Q

Common lice areas in young kids

A

Wrist, trunk, extremities and finger webs

65
Q

Lice management

A

Do not exclude from school
Pyrethrins (RID) or Permetrhin (nix)
Benzyl alcohol can be used for kids >6 months if resistant to permethrin
Lice screenings aren’t recommended

66
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum patho

A

Caused by pox virus
Spread with skin to skin contact
Autoinoclation due to scratching

67
Q

Multiple flesh tone or pink, umbiliciated dome shaped waxy papules on face, trunk or extremities

A

molloscum contagiosum

68
Q

Management of molloscum contagiosum

A

Watchful waiting/benign neglect
Can give tretinoin or differein cream
Cryotherapy

69
Q

Warts infectious agent

A

Human papillomavrius of papova group

70
Q

Verrucae vulagris

A

Common wart that affects digits

71
Q

Verrucae plantaris

A

Plantar wart that affects surface of feet. Self limited 6-9 months

72
Q

Verrcuace plana

A

Flat wart where people shave

73
Q

Wart treatment

A 
Cantharidin (blistering agent)
Salicylic acid
Cryotherapy
Warm water soaks
Duct tape
Wishing away
74
Q

Annular or targetoid lesions in an acral distribution. Lesions can become vesiculobullous in time

A

Erythema Multiforme

75
Q

Erythema multiforme patho

A

Hypersensitivity disorder due to things like herpes or meds

76
Q

High fever with bullae and constitutional symptomes
2 or more mucous membrane involvement
More likely drug or mycoplasma cause

A

Erythema multiforme

77
Q

Fever, malaise, generalized macular erythema that progresses to diffuse exfoliation and tender skin

A

Staph scalded skin syndrome

usu younger than 5

78
Q

Nicolsky sign

A

denuding of the skin on touch

79
Q

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

A

Eosinophils=mac/wheal/vesicle/pustule/ white lesion on a pink base

80
Q

Erythema toxicum course

A

Resolves in 5-7 days

81
Q

Pityriasis rosea patho

A

benign self limiting eruption

82
Q

Pityriasis rosea common seasons

A

Fall and spring

83
Q

Pruritic, papulosquamous. Herald patch at the start for 5-10 days that progresses to an exanthem of macularpapulosquamous rash in a christmas tree distribution

A

Pityriasis rosea

84
Q

How long does pityriasis rosea last

A

3-4 months and intensified by heat

85
Q

Treatment of pityriasis rosea

A

Sarna (anti itch)

Limited sun light helps

86
Q

pruritic hypopgiment on cheeks with a non distinct border.

A

pityriasis alba

87
Q

Common ages for pityriasis alba

A

3-12 year olds

88
Q

Treatment of pityriasis alba

A

spf 15 and a bland moisturizer

89
Q

Age that stork bite/telangiectatic nevi over the eyes disappears

A

1 year

90
Q

Papules with a linear burrow lesion

A

Scabies

91
Q

Trichitillomania

A

Balding by pulling hair out

92
Q

Age to start put suncreen on a baby

A

6 months

93
Q

What makes a good sunblock?

A

zinc oxide

Pediatric studying torture (23 decks)

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