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Pediatric studying torture > Derm!!!!! fml > Flashcards

Derm!!!!! fml Flashcards

1
Q

describe a macule

A

circumscribed change without elevation or depression

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2
Q

describe a papule

A

solid small elevated lesion .5 cm or less

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3
Q

describe a plaque

A

raised solid lesions greater than .5 cm

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4
Q

describe a nodule

A

palpable solid lesion greater than .5 cm but less than 2 cm

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5
Q

describe a vesicle

A

circumscribed elevated lesion .5 cm or less with fluid

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6
Q

describe a pustule

A

contains pus

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7
Q

describe purpura

A

non blanching erythema due to extravasation of blood into subcutaneous tissue

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8
Q

describe lichenification

A

thickened skin

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9
Q

Scaling of the scalp that results from over production of sebaceous secretion and erythema scaling

A

neonatal seborrhea

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10
Q

scaling of scalp face, chest, and skin folds in neonates

A

neonatal seborrhea

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11
Q

neonatal seborrhea tx

A

apply oil to scalp for 1 hour then loosen

wash hair with antidandruff shampoo (selenium sulfide)

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12
Q

alopecia areata screening test you have to do

A

TSH

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13
Q

describe telogen effluvium

A

loss of hair is generalized and acute onset
Reactive and is caused by severe illness, surgery, emotional stress, crash diet, pregnancy, and endocrine issues
Can be 3 months between stressful event and hair loss

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14
Q

describe anagen effluvium

A

Sudden loss of hair due to systemic insult such as chemo

Lots of of hair in active phase

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15
Q

Describe alopecia areata

A

Autoimmune
Discrete circrumscribed round patches of non inflammatory hair loss
Common to lose in scalp/beard/eyebrows and eye lashes
Exclamation point hairs at periphery of hair loss

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16
Q

Discrete circrumscribed round patches of non inflammatory hair loss

A

alopecia areata

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17
Q

hair loss in scalp/beard/eyebrows and eye lashes

A

alopecia areata

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18
Q

Peak incidence of tinea capitis

A

school age 3-9

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19
Q

How is tinea capitis transmitted

A

Fomites/person to person

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20
Q

Agent of tinea capitis

A

Trichophyton tonsurans/micosporum A

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21
Q

Itchy head with patcju alopecia

A

tinea capitis

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22
Q

Black dot form: most common w erythematous scaling patch that enlarges and hair loss is present

A

tinea capitis

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23
Q

grey patches that are well demarcated erythematous and scaling over the scalp. singular or multiple

A

tinea capitis

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24
Q

Describe tinea favosa

A

Perifollicular erythema that progresses to yellow crusting . May progress to large boggy inflammatory mass assc with scarring alopecia.

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25
Tinea capitis tx
Griseofulvin 15/20 mg/kg Terbinafine (lamasil) tablet 2-6 mg/kg/day fpr 2-4 weeks Can give selenium sulfide 2.5% shampoo
26
Tinea capitis exclusion from school?
not after therapy is started
27
History of a chronic or relapsing skin condition
atopic dermatitis
28
Intense itching and itchiness with eczematous changes
atopic derm
29
Acute findings of AD in infants
``` pruitis papules, vesicles, edema serous discharge and crusts dry skin with dry hair and scalp--diaper area usually spared lichenification not generally seen ```
30
Chronic findings of atopic derm
Lichenification Scratch marks Generalized xerosis with flaky and rough skin
31
Key features of AD
tendency toward dry skin and a lowered threshold for itching | worse during the winter and with heat in the summer
32
Agents that cause secondary infection of AD
staph aureus (most common) and strep pyogenes
33
Management of AD
rehydrating stratum corneum with lubrication=1st line Apply moisturizer shortly after a bath --An oitnment based emollient (vaseline) can be applied while still damp If moisturizing doesnt work use topical corticosteroids for maintenance and exacerbations
34
Pharmacotherapy of AD (antihistamines)
antihistamine have little affect on itching but sedating doses at night help relieve pruritus (Hydroxyzine benadryl)
35
Pharmacotherapy of AD (topical corticosteroids)
Gels penetrate well and effective in managing acute weeping or vesicular lesions Ointments penetrate more effectively than creams or lotions and provide occlusion
36
Classes of topical corticosteroids
7, classes with 1 being very high potency and 7 being the lowest
37
Pharmacotherapy of AD (Topical calcineurin inhibitors)
2nd line. steroid sparing and BB warning for lymphoma risk
38
Pharmacotherapy of AD (cool coal tar)
not recommended
39
Misc tx of AD
wet wrap therapy prescription emollients (epicream) Eucrisa Bleach baths w intranasal topical mupirocin for 3 months. (bathe w 1/8 - 1/4 cup of chlorine bleach in full tub of bath water 2x a week in kids with recurrent infections
40
Tx of secondary skin infections in AD
oral antibiotic esp if suspect s aureus or s pyogenes. | 1st gen cephalosporin
41
Keratoconus
when the cornea thins out and bulges like a cone. Changing the shape of the cornea brings light rays out of focus. As a result, your vision is blurry and distorted, making daily tasks like reading or driving difficult. Seen in AD complications
42
Age group acne affects
neonates and adolescents
43
Patho of acne
1. Abnormal keratinization at the hair follicle that leads to pluggings 2. androgen stimulation of sebaceous gland inc sebum production 3. p acne hrydolyses sebum causing inflations and neutrophils 4. neutrophils release lysosomal enzynes leading to pus
44
Management of mild acne
1. Topical antibiotics such as clindamycin/erythromycin 2. Benzoyl peroxide agents 3. Retinoids such as Retin A`
45
Management of moderate acne
1. Topical antibiotics such as clindamycin/erythromycin or ral if not responsive 2. Oral contraceptives
46
Severe nodulocystic acne treatment
Retin A (retinoid)
47
Common causes of allergic contact derm
Nickel, neomycin, posion ivy, oak or sumac
48
Allergic contact derm patho
type iv hypersensitivity, develop symptoms 48-72 hours post exposure
49
Allergic contact derm symptoms
Vesicular or eczematous eruption with linear papules (koebnar phenomena)
50
Vesicular or eczematous eruption with linear papules (koebnar phenomena)
Allergic contact derm symptoms
51
Management of allergic contact derm
1. avoid allergen 2. Systemic steroids 3. High or medium topical for 2-3 weeks
52
Permanent red/purple vascular lesion on the face or neck that enlarges with time
Port wine stain/nevus flammeus
53
Stork bite/Salmon patch
Most common vascular lesion. fade within 1st year of life
54
benign neoplasms composed of proliferating vascular endothelium seen on head and neck
strawberry hemangioma
55
strawberry hemangioma course
1. develop during first few months of life with rapid growth up until 6 months 2. 50% go away by 5y, 70% by 7y, 90% by 9y 3. if near head/neck a subglottic hemangioma can obstruct airway
56
strawberry hemangioma course tx
Beta blocker | Can use laser
57
Port wine stain course
Present at birth and presist through life with darkening and thickening over the year
58
Port wine stain over entire half of face, never fades and may be elevated
Sturge weber syndrome
59
Management of diaper dermatitis
Keep area dry and clean Limit use of occlusive plastic diapers Topical steroid should be used w caution Associated candidiasis needs tx
60
Lice types and infectious agent
Pediculus humanus variety corporis: Hair and body Pthirus pubic=crab lice Sarcoptes Scabiei
61
Features of lice
Itch Nits or eggs are visible on hair shaft and eggs fluoresce w a wood's lamp With body lice you will see lice on clothe and sheets, not on skin
62
Lice treatment
Pyrethrins (RID) or Permetrhin (nix) | Kwell=second line
63
Intense pruritic exanthem with J shaped linear burrows and pink encrusted papules on wrist
Lice
64
Common lice areas in young kids
Wrist, trunk, extremities and finger webs
65
Lice management
Do not exclude from school Pyrethrins (RID) or Permetrhin (nix) Benzyl alcohol can be used for kids >6 months if resistant to permethrin Lice screenings aren't recommended
66
Molluscum Contagiosum patho
Caused by pox virus Spread with skin to skin contact Autoinoclation due to scratching
67
Multiple flesh tone or pink, umbiliciated dome shaped waxy papules on face, trunk or extremities
molloscum contagiosum
68
Management of molloscum contagiosum
Watchful waiting/benign neglect Can give tretinoin or differein cream Cryotherapy
69
Warts infectious agent
Human papillomavrius of papova group
70
Verrucae vulagris
Common wart that affects digits
71
Verrucae plantaris
Plantar wart that affects surface of feet. Self limited 6-9 months
72
Verrcuace plana
Flat wart where people shave
73
Wart treatment
``` Cantharidin (blistering agent) Salicylic acid Cryotherapy Warm water soaks Duct tape Wishing away ```
74
Annular or targetoid lesions in an acral distribution. Lesions can become vesiculobullous in time
Erythema Multiforme
75
Erythema multiforme patho
Hypersensitivity disorder due to things like herpes or meds
76
High fever with bullae and constitutional symptomes 2 or more mucous membrane involvement More likely drug or mycoplasma cause
Erythema multiforme
77
Fever, malaise, generalized macular erythema that progresses to diffuse exfoliation and tender skin
Staph scalded skin syndrome | usu younger than 5
78
Nicolsky sign
denuding of the skin on touch
79
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Eosinophils=mac/wheal/vesicle/pustule/ white lesion on a pink base
80
Erythema toxicum course
Resolves in 5-7 days
81
Pityriasis rosea patho
benign self limiting eruption
82
Pityriasis rosea common seasons
Fall and spring
83
Pruritic, papulosquamous. Herald patch at the start for 5-10 days that progresses to an exanthem of macularpapulosquamous rash in a christmas tree distribution
Pityriasis rosea
84
How long does pityriasis rosea last
3-4 months and intensified by heat
85
Treatment of pityriasis rosea
Sarna (anti itch) | Limited sun light helps
86
pruritic hypopgiment on cheeks with a non distinct border.
pityriasis alba
87
Common ages for pityriasis alba
3-12 year olds
88
Treatment of pityriasis alba
spf 15 and a bland moisturizer
89
Age that stork bite/telangiectatic nevi over the eyes disappears
1 year
90
Papules with a linear burrow lesion
Scabies
91
Trichitillomania
Balding by pulling hair out
92
Age to start put suncreen on a baby
6 months
93
What makes a good sunblock?
zinc oxide

Pediatric studying torture (23 decks)

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