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Pediatric studying torture > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Coxsackie transmssion

A

Fecal-oral

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2
Q

Coxsackie months of inc prevelance

A

May to October

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3
Q

Coxsackie common ages

A

1y to 4y

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4
Q

Coxsackie incubation period

A

3 to 6 days

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5
Q

Sudden onset of fever lasting 1-4 days
Loss of appetite + sore throat
Vomiting and abd pain
Vesicles or ulcers on the anterior pillars of the tonsils, uvula, pharynx, and the edge of the soft palate.

A

Herpangina (coxsackie a)

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6
Q

Fever
Vesicular eruption of the buccal mucosa of the mouth and maculopapular rash involving the hands and feet with anorexia and vomiting

A

Hand foot and mouth disease (coxsackie a). Will resolve in 1-2 weeks

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7
Q

Sudden severe chest pain that is pleuritic in nature and aggravated by deep breathing, coughing, or sudden movements.
Waves of spasms 15-20 minutes duration

A

Pleurodynia (bornholm disease or devil’s grip) caused by coxsackie b

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8
Q

Hepatitis A communicability

A

2 weeks before to 1 week after onset

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9
Q

Acute illness, malaise, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, dull right upper quadrant pain during exercise, jaundice, dark urine, clay colored stools

A

Hepatitis A

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10
Q

presence of IgM specific antibodies

A

Recent infection

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11
Q

IgG specific antibodies

A

Past infection

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12
Q

Fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, erythematous maculopapular rash, lesions in the mouth (koplik)

A

Measels

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13
Q

Measels Incubation period

A

8-12 days after exposure and before the onset of symptoms

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14
Q

Measels contagious period

A

3-5 days before rash to 4 days after the apperance of the rash

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15
Q

Rubella contagious period

A

3 days before and 5-7 days after the rash

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16
Q

Rubella incubation period

A

14-21 days

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17
Q

Erythema infectiousum (Fifths disease) organism

A

Parvovirus B19

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18
Q

Erythema/Fifths disease incubation period

A

4 to 14 days but can go up to 21 days

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19
Q

“Slapped cheek” rash
Lacy rash that moves to arms thighs and btt
Can last 1 month

A

Fifths disease/ erythema infectiosum

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20
Q

Varicella zoster incubation period

A

10 to 21 days.

14 to 16 days is commonly seen

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21
Q

Varicella Zoster treatment

A

Benadryl

In high risk patients give acyclovir

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22
Q

Infectious mononucleosis infectious agent

A

Epstein barr virus (herpes family)

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23
Q

Mono/EBV transmission

A

Fomites/close contact w saliva

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24
Q

Mononucleosis incubation period

A

2 to 6 weeks

20-30 days average

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25
Q

> 10% atypical lymphocytes and 50% lymphocytosis

Kids >4 must be ill for 2 weeks before seroconverting

A

EBV/mono

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26
Q

Exanthem Subitum (roseola infantum) infectious agent

A

Human herpesvirus 6

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27
Q

Exanthem Subitum (roseola infantum) incubation period

A

9 to 10 days

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28
Q

Exanthem Subitum (roseola infantum) communicable period

A

During fever

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29
Q

Fever (101-105) followed by defervescence (after 3-5 days) where child will be playful and alert after fever

A

Exanthem Subitum (roseola infantum)

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30
Q

Distinictive rash of discrete rose pink macules approximately 2-3 mm in size that appear on trunk, fade on pressure and last 1-2 days

A

Exanthem Subitum (roseola infantum)

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31
Q

Mumps duration of precaution

A

5 days after the onset of parotid swelling. Children must be excluded from school for 5 days after onset of swelling

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32
Q

Mumps incubation period

A

14-18 days but can last from 12-25 days

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33
Q

Influenza incubation period

A

1 to 3 days

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34
Q

Influenza communicable period

A

24 hours before onset of symptoms and shed virus for 7 days after the onset of illness.

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35
Q 
sick!
sudden onset of fever
headache
chills/coryza
vertigo
sore throat
back pain and extremeties
dry hacking cough
A

Influenza

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36
Q

Influenza management

A

Amantadine for type A
Rimantadine > 14 years old. start w/in 48 hours of onset of symptoms
Neuraminidase inhibitors (tamiflu > 1 year)
(Zanamivir/Relenza > 7 years)

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37
Q

Croup infectious agent

A

Parainfluenza virus (Paramyxovirus/mumps virus)

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38
Q

Croup incubation

A

2 to 6 days

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39
Q

Croup treatment

A

Supportive
No antiviral therapy
Oral dexamethasone in mild croup

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40
Q

Herpesviruses incubation period

A

2 to 12 days

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41
Q

Children 1-4
High fever with an edematous and erythematous gum line with anterior redis that is swollen and bleeds easily. White plaques on buccal mucosa/anterior part of the tongue,

A

Acute herpetic Gingivostomatitis

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42
Q

Acute herpetic Gingivostomatitis treatment

A

runs its course in 5 to 14 days.
Antipyretic for fever
Soft acid free foods like popsicles and jello

43
Q

Cluster of grouped vesicles surrounded by an erythematous base on the lips or skin surrounding the mouth

A

Herpes simplex (herpes labialis). Gets better after 2-3 days

44
Q

Tick feeding time

A

36 to 48 hours for nymphs

48-72 hours for adults

45
Q

Lyme disease causative agent

A

Borrelia burgdorferi a spirochete

46
Q

Lyme disease incubation period

A

3 to 30 days

47
Q

Erythema migrans. Erythematous papule with central clearing

A

lyme disease

48
Q

Pauciarticular or monarticular arthritis

Swelling of ankles and knees with not much pain

A

Lyme disease

49
Q

Lyme disease treatment

A

Amoxicillin in patients younger than 8. 50 mg/kg/day tid for 14-21 days
Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 14-21 days

50
Q

High fever with chills, rigor, sweats, and paroxysmal headache

51
Q

Mosquito that causes malaria

A

Anopheles species.
Causative agent=Plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax

52
Q

Malaria diagnostic

A

Blood smear that is thick and thin film

Serological testing is not helpful

53
Q

Malaria tx

A

depends on species. Consider chemoprophylaxis with Mefloquine and Atovaquonone

54
Q

Nonspecific febrile illness that lasts 2-7 days with joint pain, muscle and bone pain, HA, retroorbital pain and leukopenia w travel to Carribean, latin america, and south asia

A

Dengue Fever

55
Q

Dengue Fever incubation period

A

3 to 14 days

56
Q

Streptococcus incubation period

A

2 to 5 days

57
Q

Strep communicability

A

1 to 7 days. greatest during acute phase of respiratory illness

58
Q

Scarlet fever common ages affected and season

A

6 to 12 years old

Late winter and early spring

59
Q

Fever, sore throat, HA, chills, rapid pulse, malaise, white exudate on tonsils. May have rash that is red w pinpoint lesions that blanch of pressure and feel as rough as sandpaper.

A

Strep/Scarlet fever

60
Q

Diagnostic test for scarlet fever

A

Throat culture

61
Q

Impetigo treatment

A

Bactroban or muciprocin if localized

62
Q

Negative D test for MRSA

A

Can use clindamycin

If positive do not use clinda

63
Q

Rough textured skin with general erythema. The epidermis separates and desquamates

A

Scalded skin disease/ritter disease

64
Q

Scalded skin disease tx

A

IV vancomycin plus a beta lactam (oxacillin)

65
Q

Meningitis tx

A

3rd gen cephalosporin such as ceftriaxone 2g IV q24h

66
Q

Meningococcus prophylaxis

A

Riafmpin to all household contacts

67
Q

Cat scratch causitive agent

A

Bartonella

68
Q

Cat scratch incubation period

A

3 to 10 days

69
Q

Spider bite: local reaction with mild itching or stinging at the time of bite
Painless bite
Pain starts 2-8 hours later with redness around the puncture and a central pusutule or blister
Black star shaped bite with central necrosis and edema

A

Brown recluse Spider

70
Q

Spider bite: Severe muscle cramping started from 10 mins to 1 hr post bite. Cramping in the abdomen, flank, thighs, and chest.
Sweating + n/v
CNS w headache, anxiety, salivation, lacrimation, sweating, and htn

A

Black widow

71
Q

bite/sting: severe local and painful burning sensation with redness and edema with necrosis
Restless w abnormal eye movements, twitching, sweating and hypersalivation
Death from pulmonary edema, shock, or respiratory failure

A

Scorpion bite

72
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever causitive agent

A

Rickettsia rickettsii (from wood or dog tick)

73
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever incubation period

A

3 to 12 days

74
Q

2-8 days, a reddended macule rash that changes to petechiae. It begins on the wrists and ankles and spreads up the arms and legs onto the trunk
Can cover pals and soles. HA, fever.

A

Rocky mountain spotted fever

75
Q

Rocky mountain spotted fever treatment

A

Doxycycline for 7-10 days

76
Q

Smallpox incubation period

A

7 to 17 days

77
Q

Smallpox communicability

A

24 hours before onset of rash and remains contagious until all lesions are dried up

78
Q

High fever, HA, abd pain, malaise, and fatigue. Skin lesions on face spreading down to the body on the forearms, trunk, and legs, All vesciles progress at the same rate

79
Q

Swollen gum line that is reddened and bleeds easily. White shallow ulcers with red borders on the gum, lips, and buccal mucosa.
Pain drooling, anorexia, and significantly high fever

A

Acute herpetic gingibostomatitis

80
Q

Rabies incubation period

A

1-3 months

81
Q

Unprovoked animal bite

A

Think rabies

82
Q

Rabies prophylaxis

A

2 rabies vaccine with RIG administered directly into the area of the bite with the rest IM. Give rabies vaccine again on days 3, 7, and 14.

83
Q

Zika virus incubation period

A

less than 1 week

84
Q

Zika virus prophylaxis

A

repellents with a max of 30% DEET for infants. Do not use products w DEET and sunscreen in combo

85
Q

Roundworm incubation period

86
Q

Loss of appetite and nausea and vomiting, may have intestinal obstruction. Hx of travel to underdeveloped country.

A

Roundworms

87
Q

Roundworm (Ascariasis) treatment

A

Albendazole with food
Nitazoxanide bid for 3 days
Single dose Ivermectin

88
Q

Hx of travel to tropical area with poor sanitation. CC of abd pain that is colicky, n/d, w marked eosinophilia. May lead to anemia

A

Hookworm infection

89
Q

Hook worm treatment

A

Albendazole (Alebnza)
Mebendazole (Vermox)
Pyrantel pamoate (pin x)

90
Q

Itchy butt at night.

A

pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)

91
Q

Giardiasis common infection time

A

Summer through fall

92
Q

Giardiasis diagnostic tool

A

Direct fluorescent antibody

93
Q

Giardiasis treatment

A

Metroidazole (flagyl)

94
Q

Vomiting, fever and diarrhea in the winter causitive agent

95
Q

Scabies treatment

A

Permethrin

96
Q

Test for hookworm

A

Stool for ova and parasites

97
Q

Lyme disease diagnostic

A

culture edge of rash

98
Q

Pertussis incubation period

A

7-10 days but can go up to 21 days

99
Q

cough, coryza, sbeezubg fever in catarrhal phase.

Staccato, paraoxysmal cough with whoop

100
Q

When are kids most contagious w pertussis

A

during catarrhal stage and within the 1st 2 weeks after the cough onset

101
Q

Highest mortality in kids w pertussis

A

Kids less than 1 month old

102
Q

bronchiolitis (rsv) incubation

103
Q

Croup incubation

A

2 to 4 days

Pediatric studying torture (23 decks)

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