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Pediatric studying torture > hematology > Flashcards

hematology Flashcards

1
Q

how to treat jaundice at home

A

breastfeed

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2
Q

bruising following a viral illness

A

ITP

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3
Q

test to diagnosis sickle cell

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis

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4
Q

normocytic and normochromic anemia

A

G6PD

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5
Q

phenytoin causes anemia bc of absence of what substance

A

folic acid

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6
Q

test to diagnose sickle cell

A

peripheral blood smear-standard

cbc w hgb 6 to 8

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7
Q

triggers of ITP

A

viral illness, chronic infections

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8
Q

patho of ITP

A

platelet is covered w increased amounts of IgG–these platelets get destroyed by phagocytosis

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9
Q

bone marrow failure diseases

A

intravascular coagulation
hemolytic uremic syndrome
thrombotic thrombocytopenia

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10
Q

dx of ITP

A

CBC with peripheral smear–will see large granulated platelets
Type and screen
Direct antiglobulin test, coombs
Don’t usually have to do bone marrow

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11
Q

itp tx

A 
refer to hematology
Observation + bleeding precautions
IVIG (binds to fc receptor to prevent platelet destruction)
Corticosteroids
Anti-D immunoglobulin
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12
Q

ITP who’s at risk of chronic ITP

A

girls
Age >11 at presentation
No preceeding infection

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13
Q

hemophilia inhertiance

A

x linked

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14
Q

hemophilia a pato

A

def of factor viii (higher def=more severe)

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15
Q

hemophilia b patho

A

def of factor ix (1 in 5k men) (higher def=more severe) 6-40%=mild anything less=more severe

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16
Q

heavy bleeding after dental procedure, surgery, or accident.

A

think hemophilia

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17
Q

hemophilia labs

A

normal platelet count on CBC if bleeding will have normocytic anemia
PT will be normal
PTT will be prolonged

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18
Q

acute hemarthrosis patho

A

hemophilia patients bleed into the joints and damage them

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19
Q

acute hemarthrosis signs and symptoms

A 
Kid w bleeding disorder
pain
swelling
new limp
limited ROM
20
Q

acute hemarthrosis tx

A

splinting, ice, immobilization, elastic bandages, analgesia, factor infusion to 80/100%

21
Q

pale skin, lips or hands, tachy, dyspnea, fatigue, dizzy, ha. irritable, amenorrhea, glossitis,

A

anemia

22
Q

anemia symptoms

A

pale skin, lips or hands, tachy, dyspnea, fatigue, dizzy, ha. irritable, amenorrhea, glossitis, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly

23
Q

nutritional causes of anemia

A

iron def
folate def
vitamin b12 def

24
Q

anemia work up

A 
CBC with diff
Ferritin
Iron binding copacity
Vitamin b12
Folate
Hgb Electrophoresis
Bone marrow
25
Q

anemia MCV values

A

80-100 is normal
>100 is elevated MCV
<80 is reduced MCV

26
Q

What causes microcytic anemia: MCV less than 80

A 
iron def
inherited deficiency (thalassemia)
27
Q

what causes normocytic anemia: MCV 80-100

A

iron def
chronic disease
b12 deficiency w iron def

28
Q

what causes macrocytic anemia MCV>100

A 
b12 deficiency-most common
Folate def (less common)
Myelodysplastic syndrome-rare
29
Q

causes of b12 deficiency

A

vegetarian, pregnancy

30
Q

what causes folate def

A

chron’s, celiacs
antibiotics
alcoholism, pregnancy

31
Q

lab values for iron def anemia

A

MCV under 80
ferritin typically under 15 but iron def when under 40
Total iron binding capacity elevated
Elevated platelet count–corrects when anemia improves

32
Q

Iron def anemia symptoms

A

pica, fatigue, hair loss, brittle nails, sores on the side of the mouth, dyspnea

33
Q

PE of iron def anemia

A

pale conjunctiva, brittle nails, cristomg pm sodes pf ,pitj

34
Q

What to do for iron def anemia

A

check led level. look for fecal occult blood to make sure they aren’t bleeding somewhere

35
Q

iron def anemia tx

A

any iron the pt will take. can take w vitamin c

36
Q

when will iron def improve by

A

in 4 weeks

37
Q

sickle cell patho

A

inherited disorder

38
Q

sickle cell types

A 
HGB SS (hgb of 9 and under)
HGB SC (hgb 10-14)
HGB S Beta thal (hgb 8-11)
39
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

hydroxyurea (induces fetal hgb that is protective against sickling)
transfusion

40
Q

hemachromatosis

A

iron overload

41
Q

thalassemia patho

A

reduction or absence of alpha or beta globin chains

42
Q

most common type of thalessemia

A

alpha or beta thal minor

43
Q

alpha or beta thal minor symptoms and tx

A

asymptomatic, borderline anemia, diagnosis b/c micricytic anemia, hypochromic red cells, may have reduced hgb

44
Q

beta thal major tx

A

chronic transfusion

45
Q

clinically sig ITP

A

platelet under 30k

46
Q

mentzer index

A

mcv/rbc count. less than 13 thalassemia is more likely. if greater it is most likely iron def anemia

Pediatric studying torture (23 decks)

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