Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatric studying torture > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of ambiguous genetalia

A

CAH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Malaise, malodor, pwg, voiding dysfunction, enuresis

A

UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Criteria for uti in culture

A

50k of more than a single organism is positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Urinalysis results for uti

A

nitrates after urine has been sitting for more than 4 hrs, leukocyte esterase for pyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Def of bacteriuria

A

bacteria in urine wo any other symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

def of cystitis

A

infection in bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the most severe type of uti that involves the renal parenchyma?

A

pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Drug treatment of uti

A

Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole=#1
Amoxil
Augmentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

UTI work up

A

Ultra sound. VCUG is not recommended anymore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Def of enuresis

A

involuntary urination or intentional urination into bed or clothes at an age when toilet training should be complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

def of primary enuresis

A

kids who have never established control of urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2ndary enuresis

A

when kid starts wetting after 6-12 months of being dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is diurnal enuresis a sign of

A

uti/urological problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how to detect blood in urine

A

dipstick, microscopic exam, or with naked eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

def of hematuria

A

5 to 10 intaact rbcs/micro liter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what causes macroscopic hematuria

A

Hypercalciuria=#1

IgA nephropathy=#2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does a tea color on dipstick indicate

A

nephrologic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does red indicate on dipstick

A

urologic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

proteinuria with hematuria, what to do?

A

rapid referral to nephrologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Proteinuria dx criteria

A

1+ or more in urine with a specific gravity of less than 1.015

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

most common type of proteinuria

A

orthostatic proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is orthostatic proteinuria

A

normal urine when lying down but abnormal amt when upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how to measure orthostatic proteinuria

A

collect urine immediately after arising in morning and compare to a sample collected after several hours of no activity. have pt void before sleep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is persistent proteinuria a marker of

A

kidney damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what test can be done to make a diagnosis of kidney diseases, detect tx effects and evaluate progress

A

protein to creatinine ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what can cause proteinuria that is benign

A

stress, exercise, fever induced, cold exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

work up for proteinuria

A

UA repeated 3 times over 1 to 2 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What condition is excessive excretion of protein in the urine

A

nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are complications with nephrotic syndrome

A

hypoalbumenemia, edema, hyperlipidemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

values of nephrotic syndrome

A

> 40 mg/m2 per hour and a protein to cr ratio greater than 1.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

periorbital edema, or edema in dependent areas like shoes or underwear, puffy eyes, low urine production, recent infection

A

Nephrotic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Nephrotic syndrome management

A
  1. referral
  2. prednisone (immunosupressive)
  3. monitor protein at home
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

painless scrotal swelling

A

hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

scrotal swelling that is collected only in the scrotum

A

noncommunicating hydrocele

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

scrotal swelling where fluid moves from abd to the scrotum

A

communicating hydrocele. patent vaginalis

36
Q

hydrocele assessment findings

A

testes not palpable, non reducible, transilluminates

37
Q

hydrocele management

A

spontaneous resolution by 1 year, if not surgery

38
Q

what is a mass on a testicle (the most likely)

A

malignancy

39
Q

testicular mass lab studies

A

ultrasound
BHCH elevated
LDH elevated

40
Q

phimosis definition

A

tight pinpoint opening of the foreskin with minimal ability to retract

41
Q

def of paraphimosis

A

when foreskin cant be returned to normal position after retraction

42
Q

what does paraphimosis have that phimosis does not

A

edema and bluish discoloration of the glans and foreskin

43
Q

treatment of phimosis

A

betamethasone cream for 2 to 6 weeks that allows retractions of foreskin.
can do circumcision

44
Q

paraphimosis treatment

A

trial of iceto reduce swelling. pull foreskin and push glans penis. if doesnt work refer to surgery

45
Q

unilateral scrotal pain w n/v, low grade temo, lack of urination, large tender, swollen red scrotum.

A

testicular torsion

46
Q

Phren sign

A

lifting testes does not relieve pain in testicular torsion

Positive sign if it is epididymitis and relieves pain

47
Q

testicular torsion tx

A

surgery should be done asap

48
Q

when to refer undescended testicles

A

if not down there by 1 year

49
Q

multiocular and appears like a bunch of grapes with clear fluid and transilluminants (chinese latern pattern)

A

epididymal cyst.

50
Q

epididymal cyst tx

A

avoid excision in kids

51
Q

feels like a 3rd testis, fluid contains sperm, transilluminant and can be excised

A

spermatocele

52
Q

feels like a bag of worms

A

varicocele

53
Q

reduces upon lying down and reappears when standing, aching pain after standing too long–

A

varicocele

54
Q

what side are varicoceles on

A

the left

55
Q

Treatment of vaicocele

A

surgery if painful

56
Q

secondary varicocele

A

may be right sided and an ultrasound will be needed. may indicate malignancy

57
Q

management of hypospadias

A

refer

58
Q

management of epispadias

A

refer

59
Q

blue dot sign

A

torsion of testicular appendix

60
Q

side lying testicle

A

testicular torsion

61
Q

inflammation of foreskin

A

balanitis

62
Q

balanits tx

A

oral antibiotics

63
Q

absent cremasteric reflex

A

testicular torsion

64
Q

what to do after kid is started on uti treatment

A

follow-up culture after 48-72 hours

65
Q

tx for pyelonephritis

A

hospitalize for iv antibiotics

66
Q

fever, costovertebral angle pain, and nausea and/or vomiting

A

pyelonephritis

67
Q

1 GU disorder in males

A

cryptochoridism

68
Q

epididymitis treatment

A

bed rest, support scrotum, nsaids, ceftriaxone. refer if it doesnt resolve

69
Q

what is labial fusion

A

fusion of tissue between labia minora

70
Q

when does labial fusion occur (ages)

A

3mos-6 years

71
Q

labial fusion management

A

observation, can resolve w puberty. can give estrogen cream 1%

72
Q

what is vulvovaginitis

A

inflammation w discharge from infection or irritation caused by bacteria or fungus

73
Q

itchy vagina, irritation, discharge, urinary complications

A

vulvovaginitis

74
Q

vulvovaginitis tx

A

anti fungals or antibiotic depending on cause

75
Q

what is bacterial vaginosis and whats the management

A

can be an sti that is caused by gardenerella bacteria. it replaces normal vaginal fuana.

76
Q

foul odor, milky white discharge from vagina

A

bacterial vaginosis

77
Q

bacterial vaginosis dx

A

pH>4.5, whiff test that is fishy, + clue cells

78
Q

bacterial vaginosis tx

A

metronidazole 500 mg BID po x 7 days

79
Q

what is primary amenorrhea

A

absence of menarche by 15 years w normal puberty, or 13 years in girls wo breasts

80
Q

Primary amenorrhea causes

A

delayed puberty, chronic illness, eating disorder, exercise, outflow obstruction, PCOS, medications, drugs

81
Q

secondary amenorrhea

A

absence of menses for 3 cycles or 6months

82
Q

causes of secondary amenorrhea

A

psych, eating d/o, pituitary disease, pregnancy PCOS

83
Q

signs of pregnancy

A

hegar: soft cervix
Goodell: sig softening of vaginal part of cervix
chadwick: blue vervix

84
Q

pregnancy dx

A

urine hcg 2-4 days post conception.

85
Q

what is PCOS

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.

86
Q

what is CAH

A

CAH affects the production of one or more of three steroid hormones: cortisol, which regulates your body’s response to illness or stress; mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, which regulate sodium and potassium levels; or androgens, such as testosterone, which are sex hormones. In many cases, CAH results in lack of cortisol and overproduction of androgen

Pediatric studying torture (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions