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Pediatric studying torture > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of ambiguous genetalia

A

CAH

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2
Q

Malaise, malodor, pwg, voiding dysfunction, enuresis

A

UTI

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3
Q

Criteria for uti in culture

A

50k of more than a single organism is positive

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4
Q

Urinalysis results for uti

A

nitrates after urine has been sitting for more than 4 hrs, leukocyte esterase for pyuria

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5
Q

Def of bacteriuria

A

bacteria in urine wo any other symptoms

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6
Q

def of cystitis

A

infection in bladder

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7
Q

what is the most severe type of uti that involves the renal parenchyma?

A

pyelonephritis

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8
Q

Drug treatment of uti

A

Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole=#1
Amoxil
Augmentin

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9
Q

UTI work up

A

Ultra sound. VCUG is not recommended anymore

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10
Q

Def of enuresis

A

involuntary urination or intentional urination into bed or clothes at an age when toilet training should be complete

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11
Q

def of primary enuresis

A

kids who have never established control of urination

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12
Q

2ndary enuresis

A

when kid starts wetting after 6-12 months of being dry

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13
Q

What is diurnal enuresis a sign of

A

uti/urological problem

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14
Q

how to detect blood in urine

A

dipstick, microscopic exam, or with naked eye

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15
Q

def of hematuria

A

5 to 10 intaact rbcs/micro liter

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16
Q

what causes macroscopic hematuria

A

Hypercalciuria=#1

IgA nephropathy=#2

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17
Q

what does a tea color on dipstick indicate

A

nephrologic disorder

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18
Q

what does red indicate on dipstick

A

urologic disorder

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19
Q

proteinuria with hematuria, what to do?

A

rapid referral to nephrologist

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20
Q

Proteinuria dx criteria

A

1+ or more in urine with a specific gravity of less than 1.015

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21
Q

most common type of proteinuria

A

orthostatic proteinuria

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22
Q

what is orthostatic proteinuria

A

normal urine when lying down but abnormal amt when upright

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23
Q

how to measure orthostatic proteinuria

A

collect urine immediately after arising in morning and compare to a sample collected after several hours of no activity. have pt void before sleep.

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24
Q

what is persistent proteinuria a marker of

A

kidney damage

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25
what test can be done to make a diagnosis of kidney diseases, detect tx effects and evaluate progress
protein to creatinine ratio
26
what can cause proteinuria that is benign
stress, exercise, fever induced, cold exposure
27
work up for proteinuria
UA repeated 3 times over 1 to 2 weeks.
28
What condition is excessive excretion of protein in the urine
nephrotic syndrome
29
what are complications with nephrotic syndrome
hypoalbumenemia, edema, hyperlipidemia
30
values of nephrotic syndrome
>40 mg/m2 per hour and a protein to cr ratio greater than 1.0
31
periorbital edema, or edema in dependent areas like shoes or underwear, puffy eyes, low urine production, recent infection
Nephrotic syndrome
32
Nephrotic syndrome management
1. referral 2. prednisone (immunosupressive) 3. monitor protein at home
33
painless scrotal swelling
hydrocele
34
scrotal swelling that is collected only in the scrotum
noncommunicating hydrocele
35
scrotal swelling where fluid moves from abd to the scrotum
communicating hydrocele. patent vaginalis
36
hydrocele assessment findings
testes not palpable, non reducible, transilluminates
37
hydrocele management
spontaneous resolution by 1 year, if not surgery
38
what is a mass on a testicle (the most likely)
malignancy
39
testicular mass lab studies
ultrasound BHCH elevated LDH elevated
40
phimosis definition
tight pinpoint opening of the foreskin with minimal ability to retract
41
def of paraphimosis
when foreskin cant be returned to normal position after retraction
42
what does paraphimosis have that phimosis does not
edema and bluish discoloration of the glans and foreskin
43
treatment of phimosis
betamethasone cream for 2 to 6 weeks that allows retractions of foreskin. can do circumcision
44
paraphimosis treatment
trial of iceto reduce swelling. pull foreskin and push glans penis. if doesnt work refer to surgery
45
unilateral scrotal pain w n/v, low grade temo, lack of urination, large tender, swollen red scrotum.
testicular torsion
46
Phren sign
lifting testes does not relieve pain in testicular torsion | Positive sign if it is epididymitis and relieves pain
47
testicular torsion tx
surgery should be done asap
48
when to refer undescended testicles
if not down there by 1 year
49
multiocular and appears like a bunch of grapes with clear fluid and transilluminants (chinese latern pattern)
epididymal cyst.
50
epididymal cyst tx
avoid excision in kids
51
feels like a 3rd testis, fluid contains sperm, transilluminant and can be excised
spermatocele
52
feels like a bag of worms
varicocele
53
reduces upon lying down and reappears when standing, aching pain after standing too long--
varicocele
54
what side are varicoceles on
the left
55
Treatment of vaicocele
surgery if painful
56
secondary varicocele
may be right sided and an ultrasound will be needed. may indicate malignancy
57
management of hypospadias
refer
58
management of epispadias
refer
59
blue dot sign
torsion of testicular appendix
60
side lying testicle
testicular torsion
61
inflammation of foreskin
balanitis
62
balanits tx
oral antibiotics
63
absent cremasteric reflex
testicular torsion
64
what to do after kid is started on uti treatment
follow-up culture after 48-72 hours
65
tx for pyelonephritis
hospitalize for iv antibiotics
66
fever, costovertebral angle pain, and nausea and/or vomiting
pyelonephritis
67
#1 GU disorder in males
cryptochoridism
68
epididymitis treatment
bed rest, support scrotum, nsaids, ceftriaxone. refer if it doesnt resolve
69
what is labial fusion
fusion of tissue between labia minora
70
when does labial fusion occur (ages)
3mos-6 years
71
labial fusion management
observation, can resolve w puberty. can give estrogen cream 1%
72
what is vulvovaginitis
inflammation w discharge from infection or irritation caused by bacteria or fungus
73
itchy vagina, irritation, discharge, urinary complications
vulvovaginitis
74
vulvovaginitis tx
anti fungals or antibiotic depending on cause
75
what is bacterial vaginosis and whats the management
can be an sti that is caused by gardenerella bacteria. it replaces normal vaginal fuana.
76
foul odor, milky white discharge from vagina
bacterial vaginosis
77
bacterial vaginosis dx
pH>4.5, whiff test that is fishy, + clue cells
78
bacterial vaginosis tx
metronidazole 500 mg BID po x 7 days
79
what is primary amenorrhea
absence of menarche by 15 years w normal puberty, or 13 years in girls wo breasts
80
Primary amenorrhea causes
delayed puberty, chronic illness, eating disorder, exercise, outflow obstruction, PCOS, medications, drugs
81
secondary amenorrhea
absence of menses for 3 cycles or 6months
82
causes of secondary amenorrhea
psych, eating d/o, pituitary disease, pregnancy PCOS
83
signs of pregnancy
hegar: soft cervix Goodell: sig softening of vaginal part of cervix chadwick: blue vervix
84
pregnancy dx
urine hcg 2-4 days post conception.
85
what is PCOS
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid (follicles) and fail to regularly release eggs.
86
what is CAH
CAH affects the production of one or more of three steroid hormones: cortisol, which regulates your body's response to illness or stress; mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, which regulate sodium and potassium levels; or androgens, such as testosterone, which are sex hormones. In many cases, CAH results in lack of cortisol and overproduction of androgen

Pediatric studying torture (23 decks)

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