Organische stoffen Flashcards

1
Q

overzicht: algemene functionele groepen

A

alkanen R
alkenen R=R
alkynen R=-R

alcoholen R-O-H
aldehyden R(=O)-H
carbonzuur R-C(=O)-OH

ketonen R-C(=O)-R
ethers R-O-R
esters R-C(=O)-O-R

halogeenalkanen R-X
aminen R-N
amiden R-C(=O)-N

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2
Q

overzicht: specifieke functionele groepen

A

thiolen R-S-H
thioeters R-S-R
sulfonzuur R-S(-OH)-O2

nitrillen R-C=-N
imine R-C(=N-R)-R
nitro R-NO2

zuurhalogenide R(=O)-X

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3
Q

naamgeving alkanen

A
  • lineair:
    methaan, ethaan, propaan, butaan, propaan, hexaan, heptaan, octaan, nonaan, decaan
  • cyclo-alkanen:
    cyclo + R
  • vertakte-alkanen
    –> vooraan
    – hoofdketen = functionele groep/langste keten
    – nummering van vertakkingen: som = kleinste
    – prefixen voor meedere
    – alfabetische rangschikking

oude benamingen
2-methyl = iso-R
2,2-dimethyl = neo-R

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4
Q

secundair, tertiar, …

A

primair = C-R
secundair = R-C-R
tertiar R-C(-R)-R

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5
Q

naamgeving onderverzadigde alkanen

A

alkenen = dubbele binding
alkynen = driedubbele binding

–> achteraan
- hoofdketen = functionele keten/langste keten dat overzadigdheid bevat
- prefixen
- alfabetisch
- -een/yn

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6
Q

naamgeving aromaten

A

benzeen
methylbenzeen = tolueen
propaan-2-yl benzeen = cumeen
ethenylbenzeen = styreen

  • 2+ aromatische ringen
    = polycyclische aromatische KWS = PAK
  • disgesubstitueerde aromatische KWS
    ortho = 1, 2
    meta = 1, 3
    para = 1, 4
  • als substituent = aryl groepen
    benzeen = benzyl
    tolueen = p-tolyl
    cumeen = p-cumyl
    styreen
    + fenyl
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7
Q

prioriteit functionele groepen

A

1) carbonzuur
2) ester
3) amide
4) aldehyde -> oxo
5) keton -> oxo
6) alcohol -> hydroxy
7) amine -> amino
8) ether -> oxy
9) alkeen
10) alkyn
11) halogeen -> X

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8
Q

naamgeving halogeenalkanen

A

altijd niet prioritait
halogeen-x-R

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9
Q

naamgeving aminen

A

prioritair:
0 = ammoniak
primair = alkaanamine
secundair = alkyalkaanamine
tertiar = alky-x-alky-x-alkaanamine

niet-prioritair:
primair = amino-R
secundair = N-alkynalkaan
teriair = N-alkyn-N-alkynalkaan

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10
Q

naamgeving alcoholen

A

prioritair = alkanol
niet-prioritair = hydroxy-alkaan

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11
Q

naamgeving ethers

A

prioritair
- hoofdketen = functionele groep/langste keten = R
- korteketen = R’
= R’-alkoxy-R
–> triviale naam = -ether

niet-prioritair = -oxy

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12
Q

naamgeving aldehyden

A

prioritair
- monoaldehyde = alkanal
- dialdehyde = alkandial
- cyclisch = -carbaldehyde

niet-priotiar = oxo-

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13
Q

naamgeving ketonen

A

prioritair
- monoketon = alkanon
- diketon = alkandion

niet-prioritair = oxo-

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14
Q

naamgeving carbonzuren

A

alkaanzuur
cyclisch = R-carbonzuur

methaanzuur = mierenzuur
ethaanzuur = azijnzuur
propaanzuur = proprionzuur

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15
Q

naamgeving esters

A

alkyalkanoaat
cyclisch = carboxylaat

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16
Q

naamgeving amides

A

alkaanamide
op substiteunt = N-R

17
Q

naamgeving zuren

A

systhematisch
per-aat
- aat
- iet
hypo-iet

triviaal
per-aat
- aat
- ig
hypo-ig

18
Q

triviale namen

A

H2CO3 = koolzuur
HNO3 = salpeterzuur
H3PO4 = fosforzuur
H2SO4 = zwavelzuur
HClO3 = choolzuur
HIO3 = joodzuur
HBrO3 = broomzuur
H2CRO4 = chroomzuur