ORBIT & OCULAR ADNEXAE - Openings/Foramen

Question 1

What structures pass through the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale and foramen spinosum?

Answer 1

Rotundum - V2 (maxillary)
Ovale - V3 (mandibular), accessory meningeal artery
Spinosum - middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of V3

Question 2

What structures pass through the jugular foramen? Nerves, Arteries, Sinuses

Answer 2

IPS 9,10,11 MAP JOE

Anterior - IPS : inferior petrosal sinus

Middle - 9, 10, 11, MAP (meningeal branch of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteriors

Posterior: Jugular Vein (sigmoid sinus), occipital artery, emissary vein

Nerves: CN9, CN10, CN11
Arteries: meningeal branches of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries
Sinuses: inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus

Question 3

Where are the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves? CN I - CN VI

Answer 3

CN I - no nucleus, originals from olfactory bulb
CN II - no nucleus, originates from retina
CN III - upper part of midbrain at level of superior colliculus
CN IV - lower part of midbrain at level of inferior colliculus
CN V - upper dorsal part of the pons
CN VI - lower pons, deep to facial colliculus in floor of fourth ventricle

Question 4

Which hole does the internal carotid artery go through?

Answer 4

Foramen lacerum

Question 5

What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus? (4)

Answer 5

Seven up: facial nerve (CN VII) is superior within the canal

Coke down: cochlear nerve (CN VIIIc) is inferior within the canal

V8 on the back shelf: superior (CN VIIIvs) and inferior (CN VIIIvi) vestibular nerves are posterior within the canal.

3. 1. CN7
4. CN8
5. Vestibular ganglion
6. Labryinthe artery

Question 6

What bones are associated with the pterygopalatine fossa? (3)

Answer 6

maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones

Question 7

What neurovascular structures are found within the ptyergopalatine fossa?

Answer 7

1. Ptyergopalatine ganglion
2. Maxillary nerve (V2)
3. Maxillary artery (external carotid)
4. Foramina (IOF, Foramen rotundum, sphenopalatine foramen, greater palatine canal, pterygomaxillary fissure, pterygoid and pharyngeal canals)

Question 8

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 8

See picture below.

Question 9

What structures connect to and what structures leave the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 9

ENTER:
1) maxillary nerve (V2)
2) greater petrosal nerve (V7)

LEAVE
1) secretomotor V2 parasympathetic fibres

Question 10

What are the branches of the maxillary artery? (4)

Answer 10

1. Sphenopalatine (nasal cavity)
2. Pharyngeal artery (nasal cavity)
3. Descending palatine artery (oral cavity)
4. Infraorbital artery (orbit)
5. Posterior superior alveolar artery (pterygopalatine fossa)
6. Artery of pterygoid canal (pterygoid canal)

I Dislike Some Postage Packaging Printing

Question 11

What structures pass in the pterygomaxillary fissure (2)

Answer 11

1. posterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)
2. terminal part of maxillary artery

Question 12

Diagram of the main foramina of the cranium

Answer 12

Question 13

What structures pass through the foramen spinosum? (3)

Answer 13

1. middle meningeal artery
2. middle miningeal vein
3. meningeal nerve (V3)

Question 14

What are the 9 structures that pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 14

Long Fissures Seem To Store Only Nerves, Instead Of Arteries, Including Ophthalmic Veins

L: lacrimal nerve (branch of V1)

F: frontal nerve (branch of V1)

S: superior ophthalmic vein (tributary to cavernous sinus)

T: trochlear nerve (CN 4)

SO: superior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

N: nasociliary nerve (branch of V1)

IO: inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)

A: abducens nerve (CN VI)

IOV: inferior ophthalmic vein (tributary to both cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus)

Question 15

What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

Answer 15

From medial to lateral…
Inferior Orbit Gets Infra-Orbital Nerves and VeinZ

IO: inferior ophthalmic vein (tributary to both pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus)

G: ganglionic branches from pterygopalatine ganglion to maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

ION: infra-orbital nerve (branch CN V2)

A: infra-orbital artery (branch maxillary artery)

V: infra-orbital vein (drains inferior orbit, communicates with inferior ophthalmic vein, tributary to pterygoid venous plexus)

Z: zygomatic nerve (branch CN V2)

Question 16

What structure passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 16

CN 12, hypoglossal nerve

Question 17

What structures pass through the infraorbital foramen? Which bone is it on?

Answer 17

4 structures:
infraorbital artery, vein and pterygoid plexus and infraorbital nerve.

within the maxilla bone.

Question 18

What structures pass through the supraorbital foramen? Which bone is it within?

Answer 18

Structures x 3: supraorbital artery and supraorbital vein and supraorbital nerve.

Located within the frontal bone.

Question 19

Name the structures.

Answer 19

Question 20

Where are the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina located?

Answer 20

behind medial orbital rim at junction of medial wall and roof

Question 21

What structure is transmitted through the foramen lacerum? (2)

Answer 21

1. ICA
2. Parasympathetic fibres via great petrosal nerve which synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion