ANATOMY - Iris Flashcards
What is the root of the iris?
Insertion of the iris to the ciliary body and it is thinnest here.
What is iridodialysis?
At the thinnest point, root of the iris becomes detached and causes a D shaped pupil
What is the diameter of the iris?
What is the diameter of the pupil?
- 12mm
- 3-4mm
What is the thickness of the iris?
0.5mm
What is the collarette of the iris?
2mm from pupillary margin is a zig zag line which divides anterior iris into 2 zones (ciliary and pupillary zone) and represents attachment of pupillary membrane
What are the important structures of the ciliary zone/outer zone of the iris (2)
Radial streaks correspond to radial streaks and become wavy when pupil is dilated
Contraction furrows are faint lines parallel to colarratte
Crypts : absent anterior layers
What are the layers of the iris (4)
- Anterior limiting membrane
- Stroma
- Anterior pigmented epithelium
- Posterior pigmented epithelium
What is contained in the anterior limiting layer?
What substance can penetrate through this?
Consists of melanocytes and fibroblasts - decides the colour of the iris.
—> thin/few melanocytes - blue iris
—-> thick/many melanocytes - brown/black iris
This layer is absent in crypts and thin in furrows
Aqueous can penetrate through this layer into the stroma as it is not a true epithelium
What happens in iris heterochromia / Fuch’s uveitis? (2)
Progressive atrophy of the anterior layer and stroma of iris –> loss of iris colour
Transillumination defects
Blurring of iris crypts (darker individuals)
What is contained within the iris stroma ? (6)
1 Network collagen
2. Ground substance
3. Sphincter Pupillae
4. Dilator Pupillae
5. Vessels and nerves
6. Pigment
Where is sphincter pupillae derived from?
Where is dilator pupillae derived from?
Sphincter - ectoderm
Dilator - myoepithelium
What is the nerve supply of the sphincter and dilator pupillae?
- SPHINCTER - parasympathetic post-ganglionic fibres of third nerve via short ciliary nerve
- DILATOR - sympathetic cervical chain via long ciliary nerve
Where is the sphincter pupillae located?
Where is the dilator pupillae located?
Sphincter - pupillary zone (inner zone)
Dilator - Ciliary zone near iris root
What are the main vessels of the iris?
What characteristics do they have? (2)
Radial branches of major arterial circle, responsible for formation of radial furrows
1) Lack internal elastic lamina
2) Have non fenestrated endothelium
What is contained within the anterior epithelium of the iris?
Pigmented layer containing origin of dilator pupillae muscle