ORBIT & OCULAR ADNEXAE - Openings/Foramen Flashcards
What structures pass through the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale and foramen spinosum?
Rotundum - V2 (maxillary)
Ovale - V3 (mandibular), accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve, emissary vein.
Spinosum - middle meningeal artery and vein, meningeal branch of V3
What structures pass through the jugular foramen? Nerves, Arteries, Sinuses
IPS 9,10,11 MAP JOE
Anterior - IPS : inferior petrosal sinus
Middle - 9, 10, 11, MAP (meningeal branch of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteriors
Posterior: Jugular Vein (sigmoid sinus), occipital artery, emissary vein
Nerves: CN9, CN10, CN11
Arteries: meningeal branches of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries
Sinuses: inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus
Where are the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves? CN I - CN VI
CN I - no nucleus, originals from olfactory bulb
CN II - no nucleus, originates from retina
CN III - upper part of midbrain at level of superior colliculus
CN IV - lower part of midbrain at level of inferior colliculus
CN V - upper dorsal part of the pons
CN VI - lower pons, deep to facial colliculus in floor of fourth ventricle
Which hole does the internal carotid artery go through?
Foramen lacerum
What structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus? (4)
Seven up: facial nerve (CN VII) is superior within the canal
Coke down: cochlear nerve (CN VIIIc) is inferior within the canal
V8 on the back shelf: superior (CN VIIIvs) and inferior (CN VIIIvi) vestibular nerves are posterior within the canal.
- CN7
- CN8
- Vestibular ganglion
- Labryinthe artery
What bones are associated with the pterygopalatine fossa? (3)
maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones
What neurovascular structures are found within the ptyergopalatine fossa?
- Ptyergopalatine ganglion
- Maxillary nerve (V2)
- Maxillary artery (external carotid)
- Foramina (IOF, Foramen rotundum, sphenopalatine foramen, greater palatine canal, pterygomaxillary fissure, pterygoid and pharyngeal canals)
What are the branches of the maxillary nerve?
2 in orbit, 2 in nasal cavity and 2 in oral cavity
What structures connect to and what structures leave the pterygopalatine ganglion?
ENTER:
1) maxillary nerve (V2)
2) greater petrosal nerve (V7)
LEAVE
1) secretomotor V2 parasympathetic fibres
What are the branches of the maxillary artery? (6)
- Infraorbital artery (orbit)
- Sphenopalatine (nasal cavity)
- Pharyngeal artery (nasal cavity)
- Descending palatine artery (oral cavity)
- Posterior superior alveolar artery (pterygopalatine fossa)
- Artery of pterygoid canal (pterygoid canal)
I sometimes pee down past a portaloo.
What structures pass in the pterygomaxillary fissure (2)
- posterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)
- terminal part of maxillary artery
Diagram of the main foramina of the cranium
What structures pass through the foramen spinosum? (3)
- middle meningeal artery
- middle miningeal vein
- meningeal nerve (V3)
What are the 9 structures that pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Long Fissures Seem To Store Only Nerves, Instead Of Arteries, Including Ophthalmic Veins
L: lacrimal nerve (branch of V1)
F: frontal nerve (branch of V1)
S: superior ophthalmic vein (tributary to cavernous sinus)
T: trochlear nerve (CN 4)
SO: superior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
N: nasociliary nerve (branch of V1)
IO: inferior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)
A: abducens nerve (CN VI)
IOV: inferior ophthalmic vein (tributary to both cavernous sinus and pterygoid venous plexus)
What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?
From medial to lateral…
Inferior Orbit Gets Infra-Orbital Nerves and VeinZ
IO: inferior ophthalmic vein (tributary to both pterygoid venous plexus and cavernous sinus)
G: ganglionic branches from pterygopalatine ganglion to maxillary division of trigeminal nerve
ION: infra-orbital nerve (branch CN V2)
A: infra-orbital artery (branch maxillary artery)
V: infra-orbital vein (drains inferior orbit, communicates with inferior ophthalmic vein, tributary to pterygoid venous plexus)
Z: zygomatic nerve (branch CN V2)
What structure passes through the hypoglossal canal?
CN 12, hypoglossal nerve
What structures pass through the infraorbital foramen? Which bone is it on?
4 structures:
infraorbital artery, vein and pterygoid plexus and infraorbital nerve.
within the maxilla bone.
What structures pass through the supraorbital foramen? Which bone is it within?
Structures x 3: supraorbital artery and supraorbital vein and supraorbital nerve.
Located within the frontal bone.
Name the structures.
Where are the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina located?
behind medial orbital rim at junction of medial wall and roof
What structure is transmitted through the foramen lacerum? (2)
- ICA
- Parasympathetic fibres via great petrosal nerve which synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
Which bone is the SOF bounded by? Is it wider at its medial end or lateral end?
Bounded by lesser and greater wing of sphenoid.
Widest at the medial end, narrowest at lateral end.
