ORBIT & OCULAR ADNEXAE - Eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

What is the grey line of the eyelid? What does it divide?

A

Gray line divides the eyelid margin into the anterior lamina and posterior lamina

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2
Q

What is the difference between the gland of zeiss and the gland of moll in terms of
1. Location
2. Lobularity
3. Function

A
  1. Zeiss : at the margin of the eyelid,
    Moll: between cilia (eyelash) and anterior lid margin
  2. Zeiss: unilobular
    Moll: unbranched spiral shape
  3. Zeiss: modified sebaceous gland that produces sebum to prevent eyelashes from becoming dry and brittle
    Moll: apocrine sweat gland
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3
Q

What is the horizontal and vertical measurement of the palpebral fissure?

A

horizontal - 30mm
vertical - 9-11mm

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4
Q

What is a mongoloid slant? Which strabismus pattern does it exhibit

A

Elevation of lateral canthus > 2mm
Pseudo A pattern strabismus

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5
Q

What conditions have mongoloid slant?

A

Down’s syndrome
Noonan’s syndrome

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6
Q

What conditions have Anti-mongoloid slant? What strabismus pattern?

A

Treacher collin syndrome
Coffin lowry syndrome
Zygomatic maxillary complex fracture
Pseudo V pattern strabismus

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7
Q

What are the 7 layers of the eyelid from outside to inside?

A
  1. Skin - v thin loosely adhered to muscle
  2. Subcutaneous areolar tissue - only fat
  3. Striated muscle layer (orbicularis + LPS)
  4. Submuscular areolar tissue
  5. Fibrous layer (tarsal plate and orbital septum)
  6. Non-striated muscle layer - Muller’s muscle
  7. Conjunctiva
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8
Q

What are the two parts of the orbicularis muscle? What is their function?

A
  1. Orbital part - forced closure of eyelid
  2. Palpebral part - gentle closure of eyelid
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9
Q

Which layer consists of the nerves and vessels of the eyelid? What does this layer connect with?

A

Submuscular areolar tissue

Communicates with striatum of scalp - dangerous area of scalp and can act as communication for pus/blood between two areas

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9
Q

What is the tarsal plate?

A

Dense fibrous tissue of the eyelid giving strength and firmness, has meibomian glands embedded within it

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10
Q

What is the upper and lower tarsal height?

A

Upper : 10mm
Lower: 5mm

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11
Q

How many meibomian glands are there?

A

20-30 on each lid

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12
Q

What do meibomian glands produce?

A

Sebaceous glands (like Zeiss glands) Produce lipids (meibum) that forms the outer layer of tear film to stop evaporation

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13
Q

What is attached to the superior tarsal border? (2)
What structure is attached below the superior tarsal border?

A

1.Orbital septum and muller’s muscle
2. LPS aponeurosis attaches 3-4mm below,

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14
Q

What is attached to the inferior tarsal border? (3)

A

Orbital septum
capsulopalpebral fascia
inferior palpebral/tarsal muscle (lockwood ligament) which connects to the inferior rectus

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15
Q

What are the lateral ends of the tarsus attached to?
What are the medial ends of the tarsus attached to?

A

Lateral: whitnal tubercle by lateral palpebral ligament
Medial: attach to anterior lacrimal crest and frontal process of maxillla by medial palpebral ligament

16
Q

What is the muller’s muscle and inferior palpebral muscle innervated by?

A

sympathetic nerve fibres – irritation leads to retraction of lids –> paralysis leads to horner’s syndrome