NEUROANATOMY - Cerebral Blood Supply Flashcards
What is the anterior portion of the optic radiation supplied by?
anterior choroidal artery
What does the internal carotid supply?
Anterior circulation of the brain
What does the vertebrobasilar artery supply?
The posterior circulation of the brain
What are the branches of the internal carotid artery? Where does it arise from?
A VIPS COMMA
Anterior choroidal artery
Vidian artery
Inferior hypophyseal
Posterior Communicating
Superior hypophyseal
Cariticotympanic
Ophthalmic artery
Meningohypophyseal trunk
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Arises from common carotid at level of C4 - superior thyroid cartilage.
Where does the right common carotid artery arise from?
Where does the left common carotid artery arise from?
Right CCA - bifircation of brachiocephalic trunk
Left CCA - arch of aorta
What what point do the common carotids split to form the external and internal carotids?
Level of C4 - superior thyroid cartilage
What are the 4 segments of the internal carotid artery?
- cervical (the neck)
- petrous (carotid canal from base of skull to middle cranial fossa)
- cavernous (in cavernous sinus)
- cerebral
What are the main cerebral branches of ICA?
Ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating artery middle cerebral.
What is the function of the posterior communicating artery?
It connects the posterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery (connects anterior and posterior cerebral circulation on one side)
What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere to the back of the parietal lobe. Supplies legs and perineum.
What does the anterior communicating artery do?
Connects the two anterior cerebral arteries
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres
supplies all motor/cortical parts except the legs and perineum
Which ICA branch is the largest?
Middle cerebral artery
What is the route of the vertebral artery?
Derived from subclavian and travels through foramen transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae, passes through foramen magnum and then becomes the basilar artery (anterior to spinal accessory nerve)
What are the branches of the vertebral artery? (2)
Anterior spinal artery - connects the two verterbral arteries down the centre
posterior inferior cerebral artery (PICA) - supplies the inferior cerebellum
What are the main branches of the basilar artery? (3)
- anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
- superior cerebellar artery
- posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
The basilar artery runs in parallel with what brain structure?
The pons.
What does the AICA supply?
Anterior and inferior cerebellum
What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?
The superior cerebellum
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Supplies posterior cerebrum - occipital lobe and temporal lobe
What is the circle of Willis? Which structure is it formed around?
Collateral circulation between the two ICAs and vertebrobasilar arteries and connects anterior to posterior circulation
Forms around the optic chiasm and pituitary gland?
Which nerve lies in close proximity to the posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery and what can it cause?
CN III - berry aneurysm - horner’s
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students.
Superior thyroid
Ascending Pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
What does the facial artery terminate as? What does the facial artery anastamose with?
Becomes the angular artery which suplies orbicularis oculi and lacrimal sac.
Anastamoses with dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery
Where does the maxillary artery arise and terminate?
Main branches arise within infratemporal fossa (middle meningeal, inferior alveolar) and terminate in pterygopalatine fossa (infraorbital artery)
Where is the infratemporal fossa located?
base of the skull, deep to masseter muscle.
What is contained within the infratemporal fossa? Muscles, Nerves, Vessels.
MY LOVELY CAT MAKES PLAYFUL MOVES IN THE INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA.
Muscles: medial and lateral pterygoids
Nerves: Mandibular (CN V3), chorda tympani,
Vessels:
Arteries - Maxillary (middle meningeal)
Veins - pterygoid plexus
Where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?
between maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones
What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?
- Maxillary nerve
- Pterygopalatine ganglion
- Maxillary artery
- Foramina (7) - pterygomaxillary fissure, foramen rotundum, inferior orbital fissure, pterygoid canal, pharyngeal canal, greater palatine canal, sphenopalatine foramen.
Rupture of which vessels would cause a subdural haematoma?
Rupture of which vessels would cause an extradural haematoma?
Rupture of which vessels would cause a sub-arachnoid haemorrhage?
Subdural - cerebral bridging veins
Extradural - middle meningeal artery
Sub-arachnoid - berry aneurysm
