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PART ONE REVISION. > NEUROANATOMY - Cerebral Blood Supply > Flashcards

NEUROANATOMY - Cerebral Blood Supply Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior portion of the optic radiation supplied by?

A

anterior choroidal artery

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2
Q

What does the internal carotid supply?

A

Anterior circulation of the brain

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3
Q

What does the vertebrobasilar artery supply?

A

The posterior circulation of the brain

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4
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery? Where does it arise from?

A

A VIPS COMMA

Anterior choroidal artery

Vidian artery
Inferior hypophyseal
Posterior Communicating
Superior hypophyseal

Cariticotympanic
Ophthalmic artery
Meningohypophyseal trunk
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery

Arises from common carotid at level of C4 - superior thyroid cartilage.

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5
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery arise from?

Where does the left common carotid artery arise from?

A

Right CCA - bifircation of brachiocephalic trunk

Left CCA - arch of aorta

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6
Q

What what point do the common carotids split to form the external and internal carotids?

A

Level of CV - superior thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

What are the 4 segments of the internal carotid artery?

A
  1. cervical (the neck)
  2. petrous (carotid canal from base of skull to middle cranial fossa)
  3. cavernous (in cavernous sinus)
  4. cerebral
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8
Q

What are the main cerebral branches of ICA?

A

Ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating artery middle cerebral.

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9
Q

What is the function of the posterior communicating artery?

A

It connects the posterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery (connects anterior and posterior cerebral circulation on one side)

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10
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

medial aspect of cerebral hemisphere to the back of the parietal lobe. Supplies legs and perineum.

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11
Q

What does the anterior communicating artery do?

A

Connects the two anterior cerebral arteries

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12
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres
supplies all motor/cortical parts except the legs and perineum

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13
Q

Which ICA branch is the largest?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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14
Q

What is the route of the vertebral artery?

A

Derived from subclavian and travels through foramen transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae, passes through foramen magnum and then becomes the basilar artery (anterior to spinal accessory nerve)

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15
Q

What are the branches of the vertebral artery? (2)

A

Anterior spinal artery - connects the two verterbral arteries down the centre

posterior inferior cerebral artery (PICA) - supplies the inferior cerebellum

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16
Q

What are the main branches of the basilar artery? (3)

A
  1. anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  2. superior cerebellar artery
  3. posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
17
Q

The basilar artery runs in parallel with what brain structure?

A

The pons.

18
Q

What does the AICA supply?

A

Anterior and inferior cerebellum

19
Q

What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

A

The superior cerebellum

20
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Supplies posterior cerebrum - occipital lobe and temporal lobe

21
Q

What is the circle of Willis? Which structure is it formed around?

A

Collateral circulation between the two ICAs and vertebrobasilar arteries and connects anterior to posterior circulation

Forms around the optic chiasm and pituitary gland?

22
Q

Which nerve lies in close proximity to the posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery and what can it cause?

A

CN III - berry aneurysm - horner’s

23
Q

Which arteries supply the internal capsule?

A
  1. Anterior cerebral
  2. Middle cerebral
  3. Anterior choroidal arteries
24
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students.

Superior thyroid
Ascending Pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal

25
Q

What is the route of the external carotid artery?

A

The external carotid artery originates from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery at the level of the thyroid cartilage (C4)

The external carotid artery’s size diminishes as it courses superiorly and gives off eight branches along its journey, and terminates at the parotid gland with its last two branches: the maxillary artery and the superficial temporal artery.

26
Q

What does the facial artery terminate as? What does the facial artery anastamose with?

A

Becomes the angular artery which suplies orbicularis oculi and lacrimal sac.

Anastamoses with dorsal nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery

27
Q

Where are the anastamoses points between the internal carotid and external carotid artery? (4)

A
  1. superficial temporal of facial artery (ECA) –> lacrimal/palpebral branches of ophthalmic (ICA)
  2. angular artery of maxillary artery (ECA) –> inferior palpebral/dorsal nasal branches of ophthalmic (ICA)
  3. middle meningeal artery of maxillary artery (ECA) –> lacrimal branch of ophthalmic (ICA
  4. infraorbital artery of internal maxillary (ECA) –> dorsal nasal branches of ophthalmic (ICA)
28
Q

Where does the maxillary artery arise and terminate?

A

Main branches arise within infratemporal fossa (middle meningeal, inferior alveolar) and terminate in pterygopalatine fossa (infraorbital artery)

29
Q

Where is the infratemporal fossa located?

A

base of the skull, deep to masseter muscle.

30
Q

What is contained within the infratemporal fossa? Muscles, Nerves, Vessels.

A

Muscles: medial and lateral pterygoids

Nerves: Mandibular (CN V3), chorda tympani,

Vessels:
Arteries - Maxillary (middle meningeal)
Veins - pterygoid plexus

31
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine fossa located?

A

between maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones

32
Q

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  1. Maxillary nerve
  2. Pterygopalatine ganglion
  3. Maxillary artery
  4. Foramina (7) - pterygomaxillary fissure, foramen rotundum, inferior orbital fissure, pterygoid canal, pharyngeal canal, greater palatine canal, sphenopalatine foramen.
33
Q

Rupture of which vessels would cause a subdural haematoma?

Rupture of which vessels would cause an extradural haematoma?

Rupture of which vessels would cause a sub-arachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Subdural - cerebral bridging veins
Extradural - middle meningeal artery
Sub-arachnoid - berry aneurysm

PART ONE REVISION. (80 decks)

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