Oral diseases Flashcards
Define oral ulceration
- discontinuity in the oral mucosa
what care causes of a solitary ulcer?
- may be due to trauma, malignancy, infection or may be premalignant
What are causes of multiple ulcers?
- recurrent apathos ulceration (RAU)
- bechets
What are the oral symptoms of anaemia?
- ANGULAR CHELITIS
- mucosal pallo
- oral ulceration
- glossitis
- disturbed taste
What is the oral appearance of lupus erythematosus
- ulceration
- white patches
- red patches
What may be an oral appearance of ulcerative colitis?
- angular stomatitis
- effects the corners of the mouth
What may it be a sign of if there are white patches in the mouth that can be wiped off?
- pseudomembranous candidiasis
- leukoplakia
Define xerostomia
- What causes it?
- dry mouth
- drugs
- radiation therapy
What may be a cause of dental erosion?
- GORD
- Bulimia
What is oral manifestations of HIV?
- Ulcerations
- Kaposi’s sarcoma
- HPV lesions
- Salivary gland swelling
What lines the oral cavity?
- keritaized or non-ketinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is the appearance of leukoplakia?
- white, flat raised patch
- no clear underlying cause
- wipes away
What is the most common cancer of the oral cavity?
- squamous cell carcinoma
What is the appearance of erythrokeukoplakia?
- red spots under microscope
- pre-malignant
Explain frictional keratosis?
- repeated physical trauma
- normal hyperplastic response
- non-premalignant
What causes squamous cell carcinoma?
- activation of photo-oncogenes, RAS
- Inactivation of tumour supressor genes, p53
Where might adenocarcinomas in the oral cavity be found?
- salivary glands
Define a malignant tumour?
- invades the basement membrane
What are the most common sites of a oral cancer?
- ventral and lateral surfaces of the tongue
- lower lip
What are symptoms of oral cancer?
- numbness
- changes in sensations
- hoarse voice
- difficulty swallowing
What are some other orofacial manifestations of cancer?
- drooping eye lid or facial palsy
- fracture of mandiuble
- double vision
- blocked/bleeding nose
- facial swelling
4 key questions to ask when suspecting oral cancer?
- how long
- is it painful
- do you drink/smoke
- what colour is the lesion
Explain pemphigoid?
- sub epithelial bullae
- may present as an oral ulcer before skin manifistation
Explain pemphigus
- intraepithelial bullae
- may present as an oral ulcer before skin manefisation
