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GI > Gastroenteritis > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis Flashcards

1
Q

What are some GI infection risk factors?

A
  • malnutrion
  • closed communities
  • exposure to contaminated food/water
  • <5 years , not breastfeeding
  • older age
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2
Q

What is the bacterial effect of gastroenteritis?

A
  • cellular invasion
  • production of exotoxins
  • changes in epithelial cell physiology
  • loss of brush borders
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3
Q

What defines diarrhoea?

A
  • > 3 unformed stools/day

- stools hold shape of container

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4
Q

What scoring system is used for diahorrea?

A
  • bristol stool chart
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5
Q

Explain dysentery

A
  • inflammation of the intestine
  • causing diarrhoea
  • with blood and mucus
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6
Q

What is important when taking a history with someone with diarrhoea?

A
  • other symtoms
  • description of stools
  • travel
  • food history
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7
Q

What is the cause of traveler’s diarrhoea?

A
  • eneterotoxgenic E.coli
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8
Q

What bacteria is the cause of gastroenteritis after a course of antibiotics?

A
  • c.difficile
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9
Q

What may be the bacteria/virus that causes gastroenteritis in children or someone working in day care?

A
  • rotavirus
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10
Q

What is the most common bacteria involved in gastroenteritis?

A
  • campylobacter jejuni
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11
Q

What is the shiga toxin?

A
  • inhibits protein synthesis
  • causes cell death
  • e.coli can produce the toxin
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12
Q

Which toxin of shiga is most potent?

A
  • toxin 2
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13
Q

Should antibiotics be given to a patient with E.coli 0157?

A
  • no
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14
Q

What antigens are present on salmonella?

A
  • O antigens
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15
Q

What are the 2 most common viruses that cause gastroenteritis?

A
  • norovirus

- rotavirus

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16
Q

Explain rotavirus in terms of gastroenteritis?

A
  • commonest cause in children
  • person-faceal oral spread
  • NOT BLOODY STOOLS
17
Q

Describe the rotavirus vaccine

A
  • oral

- live attenuated

18
Q

Explain the norovirus in terms of gastroenteritis?

A
  • winter vomiting bug
  • person-person spread
  • highly infectious
19
Q

When examinating a returned traveller what should you be looking for?

A
  • fever
  • rash
  • hepatospenomegaly
  • lymphadenopath
  • insect bites
20
Q

Purfuse watery diarrhoea may be a sign of what?

A
  • cholera
21
Q

What is enteric fever also called?

A
  • typhoid fever
22
Q

What causes enteric fever?

A
  • returning from India or SE Asia

- salmonella typhi

23
Q

What investigations should be done for amoebiasis?

A
  • stool microscopy
  • AXR (toxic megacolon)
  • endoscopy
24
Q

Explain campylobacter

A
  • gram negative
  • s shaped
  • motile
25
Q

Explain salmonella

A
  • gram negative
  • enterobacteiaceae
  • bacilli
26
Q

Explain e.coli 0157

A
  • E.coli –> gram neg rod shaped

- shiga toxin production

27
Q

low infectious doses makes spread_____

A
  • easier
28
Q

Explain gastroenteritis?

A
  • illness caused by eating contaminated food, with micororganiss toxins and posinos
29
Q

Large volume of diarrhoea more likely to be from the ____ bowel

A
  • small
30
Q

Bacillus cereus found?

A
  • starchy food

- reheated rice

31
Q

What is staphylococcus aures found in?

A
  • milk/meat and fish
32
Q

What does the shigella toxin bind to and what affect does it have?

A
  • the shigella toxin binds to receptors on renal cells and RBC, inhibiting protein synthesis and causing cell death
33
Q

What does E.coli bind to?

A
  • binds to the absorptive enterocytes, causing cell death can also enter the blood stream
34
Q

Explain ETEC

A
  • Enterotoxigenic E.coli

- heat stable toxin

35
Q

Explain EPEC

A
  • Enteropathogenic E.coli
  • no toxin, not invasive
  • non-breastfed children
36
Q

Explain EIEC

A
  • Enteroinvasive E.coli

- watery diarrhoea

37
Q

Explain EAIC

A
  • Enteroaggreative E.coli

- traveller’s diarrhoea

38
Q

Explain listeria monocytogenes

A
  • 9-48hrs
  • unpasturised milk products, deli counter
  • gram +ve rod

GI (36 decks)

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