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GI > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

lining of the digestive tract?

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium

- lamina propria of dense connective tissue underneath

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2
Q

Is the oral cavity generally keratinised or not?

A
  • not generally keratinised
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3
Q

What are the names of the fine hair like structures on the tongue?

A
  • filiform papillae
  • dorsal surface
  • no taste buds
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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of the mucosa in the digestive tract?

A
  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscular mucosa
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5
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the digestive tract lining?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa or adventitia
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6
Q

What is the muscular mucosal?

A
  • thin layer of smooth muscle
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7
Q

What is the muscular external composed of?

A
  • 2 thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer
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8
Q

What are the names of the “holes” in the walls in the stomach?

A
  • gastric pits

- below the pits are the gastric glands

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9
Q

Acid producing cells are called?

A
  • parietal cells
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10
Q

Where are parietal cells found?

A
  • towards the top
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11
Q

What are chief cells?

A
  • digestive enzyme secreting cells
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12
Q

What are parietal cells?

A
  • hydrochloric acid producing cell

- energy dependant cells

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13
Q

Where are stem cells located on the stomach epithelium?

A
  • isthmus
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14
Q

What is unique of the muscularis external of the stomach?

A
  • contains an additional 3rd layer

- this is to aid the churning action of the stomach

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15
Q

What are the name of the pits ‘drilling’ downwards In the small intestine?

A
  • crypt of Lieberkuhn
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16
Q

Glands in the submucosa?

A
  • oeophagus

- duodenum

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17
Q

What is an enterocyte?

A
  • absorptive cell of the small intestine
  • most numerous
  • tall columnar with a brush border
18
Q

What is the name of the acidic partly digested material that arrives to the duodenum?

A
  • chyme

- arrives from the stomach

19
Q

Name of the glands present in the submucosa of the duodenum?

A
  • brunner’s glands
20
Q

What is the name of the lymphoid tissue associated with the gut/ileum?

A
  • Peryer’s patches
21
Q

What are the 2 principle types of cells of the large intestine epithelium?

A
  • absorptive cell (removal of salts and water)
  • goblet cells (secretion of muscus)
  • will also be stem cells as being constantly replaced
22
Q

What tissue is evident in the appendix?

A
  • lymphoid tissue
23
Q

Name of the digestive tract nervous system?

A
  • Enteric Nervous System
24
Q

Name of the interconnected network of fibres that controls gut motility?

A
  • myenteric plexus
25
Q

Functions of the liver?

A
  • Detoxification of toxins and drugs
  • Synthesise plasma lipoproteins
  • Synthesis and secretion of bile (exocrine gland)
26
Q

The liver is made up of segments called____

A

lobules

27
Q

What is at the centre of the liver lobule

A
  • central vein
28
Q

What is at the corner of each liver lobule?

A
  • portal triads/tract
29
Q

Portal tracts/triads of the liver include branches of:

A
  • hepatic portal vein
  • hepatic artery
  • bile ductule
30
Q

name of the space between the hepatocytes in the liver?

A
  • space of Disse

- or perisinusoidal space

31
Q

What cell type is involved in cirrhosis of the liver?

A
  • the collagenous connective tissue in the liver
32
Q

What are hepatic stellate cells?

A
  • found in the space of disse
  • modified fibroblasts
  • make connective tissue
  • store vitamin A within fat droplets
33
Q

The name given to the resident macrophages found within the sinudoids of the liver?

A
  • kupffer cells
34
Q

Role of kupffer cells?

A
  • remove particulate matter from blood and help remove won out red blood cells
35
Q

What is bile?

A
  • alkaline solution containing water, ions, phosphoplipids, bilirubin and bile salts.
  • emulsification of fats in digestive tract
  • made in the liver –> produced by hepatocytes
36
Q

what are the names of the small channels that transport bile in the liver?

A
  • bile cancliculi
37
Q

What is the role of the gall bladder

A
  • store bile

- modifies bile within it (concentrates the bile)

38
Q

What modifications do the gallbladder do?

A
  • pump out salts and water

- concentrates it

39
Q

Gall bladder is a muscular structure?

True or false?

A
  • TRUE
  • the gall bladder is a muscular sac
  • contains smooth muscle
40
Q

What is unusual about the pancreas?

A
  • it is both an endocrine and exocrine gland
41
Q

What is the exocrine component of the pancreas?

A
  • produces digestive juices
  • contains proteases, lipase,amylases etc
  • these are delivered to the duodenum
42
Q

What is the endocrine component of the pancreas?

A
  • produce insulin and glucagon

GI (36 decks)

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