Histology Flashcards
lining of the digestive tract?
- stratified squamous epithelium
- lamina propria of dense connective tissue underneath
Is the oral cavity generally keratinised or not?
- not generally keratinised
What are the names of the fine hair like structures on the tongue?
- filiform papillae
- dorsal surface
- no taste buds
What are the 3 parts of the mucosa in the digestive tract?
- epithelium
- lamina propria
- muscular mucosa
What are the 4 main parts of the digestive tract lining?
- mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis externa
- serosa or adventitia
What is the muscular mucosal?
- thin layer of smooth muscle
What is the muscular external composed of?
- 2 thick layers of smooth muscle, an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer
What are the names of the “holes” in the walls in the stomach?
- gastric pits
- below the pits are the gastric glands
Acid producing cells are called?
- parietal cells
Where are parietal cells found?
- towards the top
What are chief cells?
- digestive enzyme secreting cells
What are parietal cells?
- hydrochloric acid producing cell
- energy dependant cells
Where are stem cells located on the stomach epithelium?
- isthmus
What is unique of the muscularis external of the stomach?
- contains an additional 3rd layer
- this is to aid the churning action of the stomach
What are the name of the pits ‘drilling’ downwards In the small intestine?
- crypt of Lieberkuhn
Glands in the submucosa?
- oeophagus
- duodenum
What is an enterocyte?
- absorptive cell of the small intestine
- most numerous
- tall columnar with a brush border
What is the name of the acidic partly digested material that arrives to the duodenum?
- chyme
- arrives from the stomach
Name of the glands present in the submucosa of the duodenum?
- brunner’s glands
What is the name of the lymphoid tissue associated with the gut/ileum?
- Peryer’s patches
What are the 2 principle types of cells of the large intestine epithelium?
- absorptive cell (removal of salts and water)
- goblet cells (secretion of muscus)
- will also be stem cells as being constantly replaced
What tissue is evident in the appendix?
- lymphoid tissue
Name of the digestive tract nervous system?
- Enteric Nervous System
Name of the interconnected network of fibres that controls gut motility?
- myenteric plexus
Functions of the liver?
- Detoxification of toxins and drugs
- Synthesise plasma lipoproteins
- Synthesis and secretion of bile (exocrine gland)
The liver is made up of segments called____
lobules
What is at the centre of the liver lobule
- central vein
What is at the corner of each liver lobule?
- portal triads/tract
Portal tracts/triads of the liver include branches of:
- hepatic portal vein
- hepatic artery
- bile ductule
name of the space between the hepatocytes in the liver?
- space of Disse
- or perisinusoidal space
What cell type is involved in cirrhosis of the liver?
- the collagenous connective tissue in the liver
What are hepatic stellate cells?
- found in the space of disse
- modified fibroblasts
- make connective tissue
- store vitamin A within fat droplets
The name given to the resident macrophages found within the sinudoids of the liver?
- kupffer cells
Role of kupffer cells?
- remove particulate matter from blood and help remove won out red blood cells
What is bile?
- alkaline solution containing water, ions, phosphoplipids, bilirubin and bile salts.
- emulsification of fats in digestive tract
- made in the liver –> produced by hepatocytes
what are the names of the small channels that transport bile in the liver?
- bile cancliculi
What is the role of the gall bladder
- store bile
- modifies bile within it (concentrates the bile)
What modifications do the gallbladder do?
- pump out salts and water
- concentrates it
Gall bladder is a muscular structure?
True or false?
- TRUE
- the gall bladder is a muscular sac
- contains smooth muscle
What is unusual about the pancreas?
- it is both an endocrine and exocrine gland
What is the exocrine component of the pancreas?
- produces digestive juices
- contains proteases, lipase,amylases etc
- these are delivered to the duodenum
What is the endocrine component of the pancreas?
- produce insulin and glucagon
