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Low Yield Semmelweis > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

pinguecula is an overgrowth of vascular conjunctivitis onto cornea associated with destruction of the superficial layer of cornea

A

false

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2
Q

pterygium is a malignant tumor of the conjunctiva

A

false

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3
Q

vernal conjunctivitis typically affects children

A

true

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4
Q

keratoplasty means transplantation of cornea

A

true

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5
Q

photocoagulation laser treatment is used mainly of diabetic retinopathy treatment

A

true

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6
Q

glaucoma is progressive optic neuropathy with loss of retinal ganglion cells , and increase d thickness of retinal nerve layer

A

false

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7
Q

glaucoma attack means acute angle closure glaucoma with intraocular pressure of 120 mmhg

A

false

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8
Q

primary open angle glaucoma is more frequent in hyperopic eyes

A

false - acute angle closure glaucoma is more common due to its shallow anterior chamber

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9
Q

increase cup\disk ratio is characteristic for advanced glaucoma damage

A

true

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10
Q

impression tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement

A

false

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11
Q

gonioscopy is non contact examination to differentiate closed and open angle glaucoma

A

false- gonioscopy is using a goniolens together with a slit lamp or operating microscope to view the iridocorneal angle.

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12
Q

glaucoma can be present on case of normal intraocular pressure

A

true

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13
Q

bruckner test is used for examination of the red reflex in children

A

true - can help determine if the patient has normal ocular alignment.

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14
Q

reasons of leucocoria include cararact , retinoblastoma , retinopathy of prematurity

A

true

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15
Q

risk factors for retinal detachment include: intraocular surgery ocular trauma and hyperopia

A

false

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16
Q

buphthalmos means congenital cataract

A

true

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17
Q

uveal melanoma is less common in darker skinned patients

A

true

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18
Q

congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction can spontaneously heal without surgery

A

true

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19
Q

surgery in case of congenital cataract can be performed before 6 month of age

A

true

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20
Q

majority of uveal melanomas origniate for choroid and can cause retinal detachment

A

true

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21
Q

retinoblastoma is always a heritable disease

A

false

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22
Q

acute angle closure glaucoma symptoms include corneal edema , shallow anterior chamber , dilated pupil and pain

A

true

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23
Q

retinal detachment os usually caused by retinal breaks created during posterior vitreous detachment

A

true

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24
Q

touter layers of retina are supplied by uveal vessels

A

false

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25
Q

endothelial cell damage is responsible for the edema of the cornea

A

true

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26
Q

galucoma is the leading cause of blindness in the world

A

false

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27
Q

wet age related macular degeneration is treated with vegf inhibitor therapy

A

true

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28
Q

dry age related macular degeneration is treated with supplement therapy

A

tue

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29
Q

wet age related macular degeneration causes severe visual deterioration

A

true

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30
Q

dry age related macular degeneration is more frequent than wet

A

true

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31
Q

refractive surgery inculdes: phtorefractive keratectomy , LASIK and vitrectomy

A

false

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32
Q

anisometropia means that the refractive error difference bw the eyes is less than 3 diopters

A

false

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33
Q

in refractive myopia the axial length is longer than average

A

false

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34
Q

hyphaema means sedimented blood in the anterior chamber

A

true

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35
Q

chlamydial conjunctivitis is treated with systemic antibiotic therapy

A

true

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36
Q

ptosis occurs only in elderly people

A

false

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37
Q

trachoma symptoms include follicular conjunctivitis, papillary hyperophia and discharge with corneal scarring

A

true

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38
Q

trachoma is mainly endemic in europe and north america

A

false

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39
Q

the commonest cause of conjunctivitis is bacterial infection

A

false

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40
Q

conjunctive does not contain lymphatic tissue

A

flase

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41
Q

goblet cells are located in the tear gland

A

false

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42
Q

intracapsular cataract extraction means lens is removed with its capsule

43
Q

in keratoconus the corneal astigmatism increases

44
Q

acrus senilis is corneal degeneration with lipid deposition in stroma around the limbus

45
Q

keratitis dendritica is an endothelial form of herpetic infection

46
Q

ulcus serpens cornea cum hypopyo is caused by fungal infection

47
Q

symptoms of cataract inculde : blurred vision , central scotoma

48
Q

anisometropia means that the refractive error difference bw the eyes is more than 3 diopters

A

false- Anisometropia is a condition in which the refractive power of the two eyes not the same with more than 2 diopters difference .

49
Q

refractive surgery inculdes photorefractive keratectomy , LASIK and LASEK

50
Q

dry age related macular degeneration is less frequent than wet

51
Q

wet age related macular degeneration cause sudden visual deterioration

52
Q

dry age related macular degeneration is less frequent than wet

A

false ( its more common and less severe )

53
Q

wet age related macular degeneration causes sudden visual deterioration

A

true ( Wet macular degeneration symptoms usually appear suddenly and worsen rapidly while dry is more progressive)

54
Q

dry age related macular degeneration is treated with laser therapy

A

false - treated mainly with antioxidant supplements .

55
Q

wet age related macular degeneration is treated with supplements

A

false - treated with anti VEGF eg ranibizumab.

56
Q

galucoma is leading cause of blindness in the world

A

false - the leading cause is uncorrected refractive errors and cataracts.

57
Q

stromal cells of the cornea are responsible for the clarity of the cornea

A

false - collagen fibrils within the cornea are narrower than in many other connective tissues and this is an important factor for transparency

58
Q

the inner layers of retina are supplied by retinal vessels

A

true- while the outer gets its blood supply by diffusion from choroid capillary supply

59
Q

extracapsular cataract extraction means , lens is removed with keeping its capsule in place

A

true - type of eye surgery in which the lens of the eyes are removed, leaving the elastic capsule covering the lens which is left partially attached to allow the implantation of an intraocular lens. ?

60
Q

goblet cells are located in the conjunctiva

A

true-In the conjunctiva goblet cells are a source of mucin in tears and they also secrete different types of mucins onto the ocular surface.

61
Q

bulbar conjunctiva does not contain lymphatic tissue

62
Q

the commonest cause of conjunctivitis is herpatic infection

A

false -Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae

63
Q

trachoma symptoms include follicular conjunctivitis , papillary hypertrophia and discharge with corneal scarring

A

true - chronic conjunctivitis characterised with progressive exacerbations

64
Q

trachoma is mainly endemic in the industrially low developed countries

65
Q

ectropium occurs only in young people

A

false - Ectropion is a condition in which your eyelid turns outward. This leaves the inner eyelid surface exposed and prone to irritation. Ectropion is more common in older adults, and it generally affects only the lower eyelid

66
Q

chlamydial conjunctivitis is treated with antibiotic eyedrops only

A

false - also systemic penicillin

67
Q

adenoviral conjunctivitis can be treated well

68
Q

hyphaema means sedimented blood in anterior chamber

A

true - usually very painful

69
Q

vernal conjunctivitis typically affects children

A

true- vernal conjunctivitis is chronic swelling (inflammation) of the outer lining of the eyes. It is due to an allergic reaction, common in children and adolescents with seasonal recurrence

70
Q

pterygium is benignant tumor of cornea

A

false - A pterygium is a growth of the conjunctiva or mucous membrane that covers the white part of your eye over the cornea

71
Q

pterygium is an overgrowth of vascular conjunctiva onto cornea associated with destruction of superficial layers of cornea

72
Q

the innermost layer of the tear film is lipid and produced by goblet cells

A

false - tear film is made up of three layers – an oil (lipid) layer, a water (aqueous) layer and a mucin layer.

73
Q

ulcus serpens cornea cum hypopyon is caused by bacterial infection

A

true? - This type of ulcus serpens often developed as the smallpox patient appeared to be on the road to recovery. Not the smallpox virus but a secondary bacterial invader - frequently the pneumococcus bacterium - had taken advantage of a break in the corneal surface due to keratitis e lagopthalmo.

74
Q

keratitis dendritica is an epithelial form of herpetic infection

A

true - Herpetic simplex keratitis is a form of keratitis caused by recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the cornea.

75
Q

kayser fleischer ring is corneal degeneration with lipid deposition in stroma around limbus

A

false - dark rings that appear to encircle the iris of the eye. They are due to copper deposition in part of the cornea (Descemet’s membrane) as a result of particular liver diseases.

76
Q

in keratoconus the refractive power of the cornea decreases

A

false - refractive power of equal to or higher than 48 diopters in the steepest corneal meridian

77
Q

symptomes of cataract inculde : blurred vision, painless eye,reduced red reflex

78
Q

blepharitis and meibomian gland disease are causing evaporative dry eye

A

true - low-grade inflammation of the eyelids and obstruction of the oil glands of the eyelid

79
Q

congenital cataract are removed by surgery as early as possible to prevent amblyopia

A

true - congenital cataract can cause Amblyopia which also called lazy eye - a disorder of sight in which the brain fails to process inputs from one eye and over time favors the other eye.

80
Q

heritable retinoblastoma usually occurs in younger age compared to nonheritable form

A

false - n.b one of the symptomes is Leukocoria (also white pupillary reflex) is an abnormal white reflection from the retina of the eye.

81
Q

retinal detachment is usually preceded by posterior vitreous detachment

A

true - this PVD is giving rise to tractional retinal breaks

82
Q

risk factors for retinal detachment include : intraocular surgery, ocular trauma and myopia

83
Q

ciliary body melanoma comprises majority of uveal melanomas and can occur without any symptoms

A

false - uveal melanoma is more common , usually occurs as choroidal melanoma and almost always unilateral.

84
Q

acute iridocyclitis symptoms include photophobia, swollen iris and corneal precipitates

A

true - ddx acute angle closure glaucoma - here the eye is also red but IOP is usually decreased

85
Q

the innermost layer of the year film is mucin and is produced by goblet cells

86
Q

keratitis dendritica is epithelial form of herpatic infection

87
Q

buphthalmos means congenital cataract

A

false- Infantile glaucoma often produces the clinical sign of buphthalmos which is enlargement of the eyeball .

88
Q

in axial myopia the axial length is shorter than average

89
Q

penetrating keratoplasty means full thickness transplantation of the cornea

A

true - surgical removal of a damaged or diseased portion of the cornea, followed by the implantation of healthy tissue from a donated human cornea

90
Q

goldmann applanation tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement

A

test measures fluid pressure in your eye by measuring the amount of force needed to temporarily flatten a part of your cornea.

91
Q

Bruckner test is used for the examination of leukocoria

A

false - bruckner is transillumination test

92
Q

in axial myopia the axial length is longer than average

93
Q

hypopyon means sedimented blood in the anterior chamber

A

false - Hypopyon is a medical condition involving inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of the eye.

94
Q

impression tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement

A

flase - goldmann applanation tonometry is the gold standard for intraocular pressure measurement

95
Q

vernal conjunctivitis typically occurs in sexually active adults

A

false - its allergic reaction

96
Q

hyphaema means sedimented blood in posterior chamber

A

false - its in the anterior chamber

97
Q

retinal detachment is independent from posterior virtuous detachment

98
Q

in hyperopia the axial length is shorter than average

99
Q

dry age related macular degeneration is treated with VEGEF inhibitors

A

false - VEGEF inhibitors are used for wet macular degeneration

100
Q

congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction needs surgery from age 6 months

101
Q

excimer laser is used mainly for diabetic retinopathy treatment

102
Q

galucoma is progressive optic neuropathy with loss of retinal ganglion and increase thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer

103
Q

goblet cells are located in the sclera

A

false - goblet cells are located in the conjunctiva

104
Q

trachoma is not present anymore in the world

Low Yield Semmelweis (37 decks)

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