Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NB > OPHTHALMOLOGY > Flashcards

OPHTHALMOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

3 general factors of good vision ?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Painless visual loss:
- the cause
- Mention 3 examples of them

A

-Cause: usually secondary to “vascular events

1) Vitreous Haemorrhage

2) Central retinal artery or vein occlusions

3) Arteritic or nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Vitreous Haemorrhage?

A

Any blood in the vitreous cavity is known as vitreous hemorrhage (VH). By definition, it is the presence of extravasated blood within a space lined by posterior lens capsule anteriorly, internal limiting membrane (ILM) posteriorly, and non-pigmented epithelium of ciliary body laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Painful visual loss:
- the cause
- Mention 4 examples of them

A

Cause: usually secondary to “inflammatory events”

1) Uveitis

2) Acute angle closure glaucoma

3) Keratitis

4) Optic Neuritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Uveitis

A

Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer of the eye between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Keratitis?

A

Keratitis, also known as a corneal ulcer, is an inflammation or irritation of the cornea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 common causes of Sudden visual loss?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 common causes of Chronic visual loss?

A

-Cataracts

-Uveitis

-Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Blepharitis?

Mention 4 sympoms and 5 signs

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of Blepharitis? (5 points)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathogenesis of the Chemical Injury associated with acids?

A

Acids ppt tissue proteins, creating a barrier to further ocular penetration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pathogenesis of the Chemical Injury associated with alkaline agents?

A

Alkaline agents rapidly penetrate the cornea, reacting with the cellular lipids forming soaps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Historical questions for eye Chemical Injury?

A

-Chemical to which the patient was exposed: alkali>acid

-Duration of the exposure

-Eye protection?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examination for eye Chemical Injury? 4 points

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of Subconjunctival Haemorrhage?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management of Viral Conjunctivitis? (5 points)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Management of Allergic Conjunctivitis? (3 points)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

5 major charecteristics of Bacterial Conjunctivitis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Management of Bacterial Conjunctivitis? (3 points)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Organisms associated with Microbial Keratitis? 4 points

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Predisposing factors for Microbial Keratitis? 5 points

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mention 5 signs and symptoms for Microbial Keratitis

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

5 charecteristics of Herpes Simplex Keratitis on examination?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

9 aetiologic factors of “Uveal Tract: Anterior Uveitis”?

A
26
Q

What is HLA-B27 +ve?

A

Autoimmunity associated antibody

27
Q

What is Sarcoidosis?

A

An inflammatory disease marked by the formation of granulomas (small nodules of immune cells) in the lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs. Sarcoid may be acute and go away by itself, or it may be chronic and progressive. Also called sarcoidosis.

28
Q

Mention 5 signs and symptoms of “Uveal Tract: Anterior Uveitis”?

A
29
Q

What does IOP stand for?

A

intraocular pressure

30
Q

A major risk factor for glaucoma?

A

↑IOP is a risk factor for glaucoma

31
Q
A
32
Q

A certain race associated with Open angle Glaucoma?

A

Afro-Carribean

33
Q

The Only proven method of slowing optic nerve damage?

A

reducing IOP

34
Q

general concept of managing Glaucoma?

A

Halting optic nerve damage by reducing IOP

35
Q

Medication classes for treating Glaucoma?

A

-Prostaglandins analogues

-Beta-blockers

-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (Usually in combination with betablocker)

36
Q
A
37
Q

3 Definitive treatments for Angle Closure Glaucoma?

A
38
Q

3 symptoms and signs os Retinal Artery Occlusion?

A
39
Q

5 signs for Retinal Vein Occlusion?

A

-Retinal haemorrhages

  • Engorged vessels
  • Cotton-wool spots & exudates
  • Disc swelling
  • Macular oedema
40
Q

The Commonest cause of blindness in the economically active population?

A

Diabetic Retinopathy

41
Q

Appearance of the retinal background in Diabetic Retinopathy? (3 points)

A
42
Q

Maculopathies seen in Diabetic Retinopathy?

A
43
Q

3 charecteristics seen in Pre-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?

A
44
Q

3 charecteristics seen in proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?

A
45
Q

What is PRP?

A

Photocoagulation (PRP) is a type of laser treatment for the eye. It is used in people who have developed new abnormal blood vessels at the back of the eye in the retina or in the drainage system within the eyeball.

46
Q

3 indications to conducting PRP treatment?

A

-Proliferative retinopathy

-Neovascular glaucoma

-Preproliferative retinopathy in high risk patients (pregnancy, poor compliance)

47
Q

Side-effects of PRP treatment?

A

-Loss of peripheral vision

-Reduced night vision

48
Q

Treatment of exudative maculopathy associated with Diabetic retinopathy?

A

Focal laser for exudative maculopathy

49
Q

surgery indication in Diabetic retinopathy?

A

-If recurrent vitreous haemorrhages despite PRP consider surgery

-If tractional retinal detachment consider surgery

50
Q

Most common cause of irreversible visual loss in the western world >50yrs ?

A

Age-related macula degeneration

51
Q

Blue eyes are a risk factor for?

A

Age-related macula degeneration

52
Q

Any macular pathology will lead to ….. and/or ….. (Manifestation types)

A
53
Q

What does ARMD stand for?

A

Age-related macula degeneration

54
Q

What is the RPE?

A

The retinal pigment epithelium

The RPE is a single layer of cells tightly joined so that they form a barrier between the retina and the underlying choroid. The RPE has crucial functions that are needed to keep the retina alive and enable photoreceptor cells to detect light.

55
Q

3 Signs of ARMD?

A

-Macular drusen

-RPE changes

-Geographic atrophy

56
Q

What is a dursen?

A

rusen are yellow deposits under the retina. Drusen are made up of lipids and proteins. Drusen likely do not cause age-related macular degeneration (AMD). But having drusen increases a person’s risk of developing AMD, and they may be a sign of AMD.

57
Q

Summarize Vitreous Detachment in three points

A

-Liquefaction of the vitreous gel

-Degenerative process (>50yrs)

-Occurs earlier in high myopes & blunt ocular trauma

58
Q

2 Symptoms for Vitreous Detachment?

A

-Floaters

+/- Flashes

59
Q

need for intervention in Vitreous Detachment?

A

No need for intervention unless floaters persist & pt very symptomatic

60
Q

3 Aetiologogical factors for Retinal Detachment?

A

-Dynamic vitreoretinal traction (vitreous detachment)

-Predisposing degeneration in the peripheral retina

-High Myopia (>-6 dioptres)

61
Q

4 Symptoms for Retinal Detachment?

A
62
Q

5 Signs for Retinal Detachment?

A

NB (87 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions