NB (065) Introduction to Neuropathology (Part three)

Question 1

Causes of increased intracranial pressure?

Answer 1

1. Brain oedema
2. Haemorrhages (haemorrhagic stroke)
3. Brain tumour (primary, metastasis), abscess
4. CSF drainage obstruction

Question 2

Pathogenesis of Vasogenic oedema? (Affected and spared structures)

Answer 2

Question 3

Causes of Vasogenic oedema?

Answer 3

-Trauma
- venous infarction
-tumors
-focal inflammation “abscess”
-lead intoxication

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

What do you see

Answer 5

Question 6

What do you see

Answer 6

Question 7

Pathogenesis of Cytotoxic edema and Sites affected?

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

Cause and pathogenesis of Interstitial edema?

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

what do you see

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

What is NON-COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS?

Mention its congenital and acquired pathogenesis.

Answer 13

Question 14

What is COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS and its cause?

Answer 14

Question 15

Identify the pathology

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

Picture shows 3 types of encephalic herniation: identify each.

Answer 17

Question 18

Complications of Internal herniation for each of:

• Subfalcial herniation of the cingulate gyrus

-Transtentorial herniation

-Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 18

Question 19

Pathogenesis of Subdural hematomas in brain dementias?

Answer 19

Question 20

Conditions associated with intracerebral haemorrhage? (7 points)

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the origin of glial neoplasms? (3 points)

Answer 22

Question 23

The most common brain tumor in adults?

Answer 23

Astrocytoma

Question 24

Usual site of Astrocytoma?

Answer 24

• Usually occurs in cerebral hemispheres

Question 25

Usual presentation of Astrocytoma?

Answer 25

Usually presents with seizures, headaches, and focal neurologic deficits

Question 26

Grades of Astrocytoma?

Answer 26

Ranges from low grade ("diffuse astrocytoma," grade II of IV) to high grade ("glioblastoma," grade IV of IV)

Question 27

slide indicates a developing tumor; what do you see? and diagnose

Answer 27

Question 28

How does intracranial pressure rise on top of a mass occupying lesion? • At the beginning: • End result:

Answer 28