NB (067) Autoimmunity and Neurological Disorders

Question 1

Question 2

What is meant by immune privileged sites

Answer 2

• Immune responses and associated inflammation in certain parts in the body, including the brain, carry a high risk of lethal organ dysfunction.

• These tissues have evolved to be protected , to a variable degree, from immune responses and so called immune privileged sites.

Question 3

Why has CNS been considered to be an immune privileged site? (4 points)

Answer 3

• Lacks classical lymphatic drainage

• Scarcity of dendritic cells (DC)

• Lymphoid cells are normally excluded from the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

• Delivery of immune cells and inflammatory mediators into the brain is impaired by the BBB

Question 4

Agent of First line of immune defense in CNS parenchyma?

Answer 4

Question 5

proinflammatory cytokines secreted by Microglia?

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

Possible target myelin sheath antigens in multiple sclerosis? (4)

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

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Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

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Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

MS: Around 50% of patients unable to walk unaided within xxx years of diagnosis.

Answer 15

Around 50% of patients unable to walk unaided within 15 years of diagnosis

Question 16

Discuss MS Classification Based on disability accumulation

Answer 16

Question 17

Discuss MS Classification based on clinical course?
and mention the prevalence of each.

Answer 17

Question 18

Discuss MS Classification based on the predominant clinical subtype

Answer 18

Question 19

what do you see

Answer 19

Question 20

MS: Characteristic findings in Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Answer 20

Question 21

What is Evoked potential testing?

Answer 21

Question 22

Define Guillain-Barré syndrome in a sentence

Answer 22

An inflammatory peripheral neuropathy

Question 23

First symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome? (4-5 points)

Answer 23

First symptoms are numbness, parasthesia (burning or prickling sensation), weakness, pain in the limbs

Question 24

How does weakness progress in Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Answer 24

Question 25

Guillain-Barré syndrome: Respiratory insufficiency in xx% of patients

Answer 25

Respiratory insufficiency in 25% of patients

Question 26

Events triggering Guillain-Barré syndrome? (5 points)

Answer 26

Question 27

Infections linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome? (4)

Answer 27

Question 28

Pathogenesis of Guillain-Barré syndrome? (3 points)

Answer 28

Question 29

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Question 30

Answer 30

Question 31

Immunological features of Guillain-Barré syndrome? (3 points)

Answer 31

Question 32

Guillain-Barré syndrome: Characteristic findings in Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Answer 32

Question 33

Treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Answer 33

Question 34

What is pleocytosis?

Answer 34

Pleocytosis is defined as increased cell count

Question 35

The High IgG index often found in MS patinets’ CSF?

Answer 35

0.7 or greater in 90% of patients

Question 36

The normal levels of MBP in CSF and how it differs in MS patients?

Answer 36

Myelin basic protein is normally < 1ng/ml but increases in 80% of acute MS relapses