Operations Manual Flashcards
Operations Manual
Offencive strategy
The objectives of an offencive strategy are resucke and life safety, and stabilization of the incident
Operations Manual
Defencive strategy
The objectives of a defensive strategy are life safety, exposure protection and ocnservation of the enviromanment and preoperty
Operations Manual
Marginal situation
The objective of a marginal situation is rescue and life safety (defencive conditions with a known rescue)
Operations Manual
What should be done after withdrawing form an offencisve strategy and prior to initiating a defensive strategy?
Conduct a patrial PAR
Operations Manual
At the strategic level The IC has certain responsibilities that include?
- conduct a size-up of the incident
- debeloping and continually reviewing an incident action plan (IAP)
- Determine the appropriate starateg - offensive or defensice
- set priorities
- predict outcomes and pplanning for them
- provide updates to all utiliaing the communication network
- assign specific tasks to sectors or teams
- assign specivit tactical objectives to sectors
- assign sections, brancghes, sector officers or personnel
- obtain and allocate additional resources
- evaluate strategy and modify as needed
- safety of personnel and public
Operations Manual
What are the three main tactical objectives
- rescue and life safety
- incident stabilization
- conservation of the environment and property
Operations Manual
Tactics
the Tctival level involves the deployment of suffiecent resources and personnel to meet objectives identifies in the IAP
Operations Manual
When should static command be considered by the initial IC
at a large-scale or complex incidents.
Operations Manual
An inicident action plan should be formulated using what mnemonics?
RECEO-VS
SLICE-RS
Operations Manual
What does the mnemonic SLICE-RS stand for?
It is a mnemonic for sequential actions at a fire scene
* S - size up
* L - locate the fire
* I - identify the flow path
* C - cool the space from the safest location
* E - extinguish the fire
RS are sactions of opportunity
* R - rescue
* S - salvage
Operations Manual
What does RECEO-VS stand for?
It is a list of strategic priorities that need to be addressed at an emergency
* R - rescue
* E - exposures
* C - confienment
* E - extinguishment
* O - overhaul
* V - Ventilation
* S - salavage
Operations Manual
Strategic decision flow chart
- Critical fireground factors
- Risk management plan
- stategy
- incident action plan
- tatical priorities
Operations Manual
Command structre
Single apparatus response
The most basic structure combines all three facets of command. the Captain, on a single apparatus response determines the strategic, tatical and task aspects of the call and then supervises the task leel activities of their crew
Operations Manual
Multiple apparatus response
this level of organization is where we begin to separate the functions of command (strategicand tactical), from the function of task level activites. the incident commander is responsible for assessing the situation and devising a plan of how to deal with the particular emergency. the IC will then delegate carious tatical functions to officersor crews, which will lead to the successful mitigation and closure of the emergency.
Operations Manual
in fast-moving comples operations a span of control how many sectors is adisable?
Not more that 5 sectors is advisable
Operations Manual
Command will be established by the initial radio report to fire control in the following manner
- report on scene
- identify the incident location by using the correct street address and/or common descriptive name
- provide a breif description of the incident structure (hight, size, occupancy type)
- provide a brief description of what signs are visible upon arrical
- briefly descripe the action to be taken
- confirm the assumption and designation of command
- end radio report by stating your PAR
Operations Manual
How is the size of a building to be related?
We should base our size description on how it relates to the areas we can cover with a 200ft handline
* Small - 200 ft line can access 100% of the potential fire area
* Medium - a 200 ft line can access 75% of the potential fire area
* Large - a 200 ft line access 50% of the potentialfire area
* Mega - a 200 ft line can access less thatn 50% of the potential fire area
Operations Manual
How do we describe the hight of a building?
By the number of stores above grade
Operations Manual
What are common occupancy types
- resdential
- townhouse
- comercial highrise
- institutioinal
- commercial
- residential highrise
- strip mall
Operations Manual
When is a followup report given?
The follow-up report shall be transmitted by the IC before engaging in task-level activites.
Follow-up rpeots shall include the following information
1. result of a 360
2. any changes to the initial IAP - status of occupants - location of fire if known
3. assignment for incoming apparatus
4. any imediate safety concerns
Operations Manual
Mobiel command
Mobile command positions are used when the inittial arriving company officer is immediately required to either investigate the situation or be involved in a task level activity.
Operations Manual
What are the two distinct command positions that mobiel command will incorperate one of?
- investigative
- fast attack
Operations Manual
What are examples of fast attack positions?
- rescue
- fire attack
- critical life safety situation
Operations Manual
Static command
static command requires the immediate establishment of a command post, the announcement of its location, and a name to identify command.
Operations Manual
When shall the firest arriving officer transfer command to the next on scene officer or chief officer
When investication reveals a situation that requires a task level action or when adopting the fast attack position.
This transfer should happen as soon as possible
Operations Manual
Transfer of command should only take place after the following information has been communicated to the new IC?
- general situation status
- incident onditions
- operational strategy
- update on tactical objectives
- safety considerations
- deployment status (assignment of personnel already on scene and additional resource requirements)
Operations Manual
How many time shouls command transfer to an officer of equal rank?
Transfer of command to an offiver of equal rank should only occur onece. Command should then become static.
Operations Manual
What is the authority of the ISO
- alter, suspend or terminate unsafe acivities involving an imminent hazard at an emergency scene
- eliminate or control hazards through the IC at an emergency scnene
Operations Manual
What are the goals of the ISO
- jminimize injuries to fire fighters by makin an emergency scene safer
- recongnize and understand the types of hazards present on the emerrgency scene
- recommend proactive and corrective measures to minimize the likelihood of accident occuring
Operations Manual
Following is a list of responsibilities of and ISO but not limited to:
- adhere to the priciples and practives of the BFES IMS, ICS and firefighter accountability system
- report to the IC
- maintain communications with the IC
- be readily identifable - safety officer vest & blue helmet (DCs vehicel)
- utilize correct levels of person protective equipment
- operate in teams within the controlled area
- conduct a 360 size-up of the incident where possible
- RIT is in place and utilized
- determine wether adiquate resources are available
- determine type of construction and how fire/damage may affect the structureal integrity of the building
- analyze fire and smoke conditions to predict the possibility of a hostile fire even (flowpath, flashover, backdraft)
- continually conduct a risk assessment
- report conditions and concerns to the IC on an ongoing basis
- ensure personnel are performing safely
- ensure rehab sector is established
- ensure air monitoring is conducted
- ensure post incident decontamination
- complete the iso checklist
Operations Manual
When is face-to-face communications to be utilized
- the IC wishes to speak with those personnel who are in their immediate span of control(i.e. section, branch, sector, or task level, depending on the size of the incident or when initiating transfer of command procedures)
- any designated person within the ICS is speaking iwth the personnel withinthier span of control
Operations Manual
When should radio communications be utilized
- face to face communication is not practical
- the use of the radio is needed to communicate with multiple personnel
- when communicating benchmarrks to command or fire control
Operations Manual
What are the two main reasons for using portabel radio identifiers
- emergency button (orange button) - when activated this feature will only display the porttable radio identifier on the communications console
- familiarity - personnel automatically tune their individual listening skills to identify the radio transmissioins pertinent to thier assigned portable/vehicel/station call signs
Operations Manual
What does clearing fire control accomplishe?
- it ensures that you deliver the IRR on the correct channel. If you clear fire control on the worng channe, they should immediately direct you to the correct channel
- it notifies all other responders you are about to delicer an IRR and assume command, allowing for them to direct their attention to your message
Operations Manual
what is emergency traffic protocol?
Emergency trafic protocol is temporary measure on the fireground whereby all personnel are directed to only transmit radio messages of an immediate nature.
Operations Manual
When may a mayday be decalred
- by perosnnel who are lost, traped or in trouble
- by an incident commander, sector officer, or anyone who cannot account for individuals
- by any perosnnel who witnessed and/or has firest hand knowledge that other personnel are lost, trapped or in trouble
- by any personnel that requries immediate assistance, including mdical distress
Operations Manual
L.U.N.A.R.
- L - Location
- U - unit number
- N - name
- A - Assignment (sector, task, etc.) and air (cylinder pressure)
- R - Resources needed
Operations Manual
Procedure for a mayday with a radio failure?
- Activate PASS alarm manually and keep it activated until reached by a rescuer
- Te partner/crew of personnel in distress shall, if unabel to communicate by radio, activate the downed firefighters PASS alarm in the full alarm mode,then attempt to contact any other personnel in the hot zone that has a radio and inform the IC using the Mayday protocol
Operations Manual
Self rescue
- a lost firefighter should make attempts to exit the structrure
- find a wall and use the wall to find an exit
- if necessary, breach a wall for ecate or to access breathable air. ensure the new location is safe
Operations Manual
IC actions when a myday is recieved
Initial actions
1. acknowledge the request for assistance, using LUNAR as a guide
2. notify an deploy the nearest personnel to affect a firefighter rescue
3. begin preparations for a prolonged firefighter rescue and call an addidtional alarm
After Initial action
1. Deploy RIT
2. in the initiato of the mayday states they are operating on talk around mode, thsi information shall be relayed to fire control and all personnel operatin on scene if not already advised
Operations Manual
If fire control hears a mayday that is not immediately cacknowledged by the IC, it is their respnsibility to notify the IC and as necesary assist with the following actions
- announce over all channels operating at he emergency incident that a Mayday has been received
- accompany this announcement with the alert tones
- conact the ic to ensure they are aware of the mayday situation
Operations Manual
what are examples of urgent fire ground messages
- critical fire conditions, other cridtical changing conditions
- concern for a potential collapse
- loss of water supply
- hoarding conditions
Operations Manual
whart is the evacuation procedure
- announce EVACUATE 3 times over the radio followed by information for firefighting crews
- 3 distinct blast from the air horn followed by a 5 second pause. This will be repeated 2 more times in succession fro a total of 3.
- the evacuation is complete once the incident commander confirms through a partial PAR of the affected areas that all personnel are accounted for
Operations Manual
Crew duties and responsibilites dureing an evacuation
- cease operations immediately, potentially leaving equipment behind if it will impede the rapid evacuation
- evacuate to a safe area
- withdrap or exit via the entry conttrol point and/or sector officer
- answer a PAR or partial PAR
zzaaaazz
Operations Manual
What is a bnchmark and what is its purpose?
A benchmark is a brief announcement that a specific task/activity has been completed
Benchmark purposes:
1. inform command that a specific task has been completed
2. allows recording on the running log/worksheet
3. allows time stampin on the radio communication recording
4. gives command progress indicators fo the incident
Operations Manual
What are the medical incident Benchmarks?
- Arrived at Patient - indicates the time BFES acrew have reached the patient after the arrival on scene at a medical emergency
- EMS on scene - indicates the time of arrival for PRPS
- EMS arrived at patient - indicates the time that PRPS crew reach a patient after BFES arrical
- DEFIB protocl inittiated - indicate the time that the defibrillation protocl is initiated
Operations Manual
What are Fire incident Benchmarks?
- 360 complete - 360 has been completed and is followed with any relevant information for responding crews
- Agent applied - the tiem at wchic extinguishing agen is initially applied to a fire
- Fire knocked down - the amin body of the fire has been extinguished
- Fire under control - informs all personnel and fire control that the fire can be controlled with the equipment and resources that are on scene
- Primary search completed, “all clear” - primary search has been completed and no persons have been located
- Secondary search completed, “all clear” - Secodary seach has been completed and no persons have been located.
- Cut- offs extablished - used during defensice operations to indicate that the IAP has extablished containment targets in order to stop forward fire progression
- Forward progress stoped - indicatss that the cut-offs as part of the defenive operations have been successful in stopping forward fire progression
- Loss stoped - When any further damage to the building or ists contents has ended
Operations Manual
What are the RIT benchmarks
- RIT deployed - this imforms all personnel and fire control taht Rapid Intervention Team has deployed
- FIrefighter located - indicates that the lost, trapped, or injured firefighter(s) has been found
- Firefighter converted and on air - indicates that the firefighter has been packaged as in on the RIT supplied air
- Firefighter remocal underway - indicates the time that remocal efforts begin and includes the path of egress or removal chosen by the RIT team
- Firefigher outside - Indicates that the lost, trapped or injured firefighter(s) have been removed from the structure
- Mayday discontinued - indicates a mayday situation has been resolved, all personnel on the incident scene are to be notified
- RIT stood down - indicates taht the rid is no longer needed at the incident
Operations Manual
What is the benchmark that is specific to an alarm call?
EVAC announcements have been made - voice communication systems have been utilized to communicate essenteil information to occupants.
Operations Manual
Who shall be the Entry control person?
The first arriveing driver shall act as the initial entry control person, until replaced by a dedicated person. the firest dedicated ECP whall be the driver fo the third arriving appatatus unless otherwise assigned by the IC.
Operations Manual
The Entry control person shall:
- obtain a radio and an entry control kit
- don an enctry control vest
- position themselves proximal to the entry point
- inform the IC of their location
- do a safety check of the PPE of personnel passing through the entry control point
- collect the PIT from every person who passees through their entry control point
- attach the PITs to the entry control board or to thier split ring, if no board is available
- record the time that personnel enter and exit the controlled area
- record the assignment and location of personnel entering the controlled area
- record and make the cenessary changes to the entry control board of any assignemnt changes
- monitor the tiems of entry personnel versus suspected air cylinder time
- notify the IC, or the respective Secort officer, if entry personnel are unaccounted for or seem to be reaching their SCBA time limits
- report to the IC as ordered
- conduct or participate in a PAR, if so ordered by the IC
- ensure that non-firefighters, who are authorized by the IC to enter a controlled area, are accompanied by fire personnel
- all designated ECPs shall forward thier completed entry control worrksheets to the IC for submission to fire administration
Operations Manual
The accountablitiy officer shall:
- obtain the accountability kit fro the district chiefs vehicle or command post
- situate themselves in close proximity to the IC or to the best advantage for accessibility and as a focal point to collect and return passports
- obtain a radio or be in close proximity to a radio
- manage entry conrtol/accountability and aid the IC by monitoring the location and assignment of personnel for the duration of the emergency
- assist in the tracking of personnel assigned to each sector
- conduct a PAR, if so ordered by the IC
Operations Manual
WHen should a PAR be called?
At a fire incident, a PAR should be conducted after the fire is reported under control and there is a primary all clear on all level
The IC shall order a PAR when condition at the incident cause concern for the safety or location of personnel. events that may cause concern include, but are not limited to:
* report of missing personnel
* when a Mayday has been called
* building collapse
* rapid fire extention
* explosion emergency evacuation
* switching frm offensive to defensive strategy
Operations Manual
When is a running PAR to be announced
- entering or exiting the hot zone
- a change in location
- a change or completion of task
Operations Manual
What are the diffent hose lays?
- Forward Lay - hose is deployed from the water source to the incident
- Reverse lay - hose is deployed forht eincident scene to the water source
- split lay - supply is dropped by an apparatus at a certain point and is connected to by another apparatus
- Static lay - the apparatus arrices at the fire scene and supply hose is dragged by a firefighter from the apparatus towards the hydrant
Operations Manual
What vehicel has the 100m hose clamp
C206
Operations Manual
What type of hoses doe BFES utilize?
- 45mm attack line flowing 565lpm (150gpm)
- 65 mm attack line flowing 1006lpm (266gpm)
Operations Manual
NFPA1710 recommends flow rates for digfferent occupancies. what are the reomended flow rates fro the following occupancies
1. typical 2000 square foot, two story single family dwelling hoem without basement or exposures
2. open air shopping center
3. sypical 1200 square foot apartment in a three story gaden style apartmen(townhome comples distant form the street)
4. a high rise building (greater thatn 75ft)
- establishment of 1140 lpm (300 gpm) from two handlines
- establishment of 1892 lpm (500 gpm) form three handlines
- establishment of 1140 lpm (300 gpm) from three handlines
- establishment of 1892 lpm (500 gpm) form two hand lines on the fire floor, and 946 lpm (250 gpm) on the floor aboe the fire
Operations Manual
What is a working length of hose?
classified as a nozzle and a coupling at the entrance or 50 fee of hose inimpeded by friction points
Operations Manual
Conduction
heat transfer withi solids or between contactin solids
Operations Manual
convection
heat transfer of gases or liquids, through natural movement from highter pressure areas to lowe prassure areas
Operations Manual
fire defininiton
a rapid osication process, which is a chemical reaciton rsulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities
Operations Manual
fire dynamics
is the field of study that encompasses how fires start, spread, develop and extinguish
Operations Manual
Fire development
a funckon on many factors including: fuel properties, fuel quality, ventilation )natural or mchanical) , compartment geometry (volume and ceiling hight), location of fire, and ambiant conditions (temperature, wind, ect.
Operations Manual
Heat Enercy
a form of energy characterized by vibration of molecuels and capable of initiatin and supporting chemical changes and changes of state
Operations Manual
Heat release rate (HRR)
the rate at which fire releases energy-also know as power. HRR is measured in nit of watts (W), which is an international system unit equal to one joule per second. depending on the size of fire, HRR is also measured in kilowatts (equal to 1,000 Watts) or megawatts (Equal to 1,000,000 Watts)
Operations Manual
Heat Flusx
the rat of heat evengy transferred per surface unit area -kW/m2
Operations Manual
Heat transfer
The major factor in ignition, growth, spread, decay and extinction of a fire.
Operations Manual
Radiation
heat transfer by electromagnetic waves
Operations Manual
termerature
A meassure of the degree of molecular activity of a material comared to a referance point.
Operations Manual
What are classified as extreme fire event?
An extreme fire even can be classified as a flashover, backdraft, smoke explosion or flame over
Operations Manual
What is reverse stack effect
summer cooling in high-rise fires will cause a flowpath to reverse and is called the reverse stack effect
Operations Manual
Blowtorch effect
Unidirectional flow from floor to ceiling
Operations Manual
Wind Driven Fire
A wind-driven fire may be described as one where external wind or ventilation-forced pressure causes stron air movement, affecting the severity of fire spread. it si often used to decribe fires that may also be referred to as foreced-draft, wind-assisted, force-vented or blowtorched
Operations Manual
Factors to consider and warning signs of wind driven fires
Factors to consider:
* determine wind direction and speed. report conditions during size up
* ensure fire attack is conductd from the upwind side of the building if possible
* determine windward side inlets and control them if possible
* limit personnel operatin in the flowpath
Warning factors of wind driven fires:
* wind speed-greater thatn 10 mph (17 km) (see beaufort wind chart)
* smoke conditions-pulsing through outlet
* blowtorch effect at outlet
Operations Manual
Detached residential fire first arrivng pum/squad
- establish command
- position apparatus pas the address involved, maintaining space for an aerial (may need to stop shor in event aerial is approaching form different direction) - if the first arriving apparatus is an serieal, position apparatus at a corner of the building in order to maximize aerial utilization
- guarantee you own water supply by having a rew member catcha hydrant - where obcious signs of a working fire are visible enroute, consideration should be given to a forward lay as this involves minimal personnel
- communicat via radio if water supply cannot be secured
- conduct a size-up, including a 360
- advance hose lines for rescue, exposures, fire confinement and extinguishment
- if command is not in a static position, transfer command
Operations Manual
Detached residential fire second arriving pump/squad
- position apparatus by a second hydrant, maintaining space for an aerial
- secure your own water supply (in case first hydrant or pump fail). this shall ve doen after ensureing the initial arriving pump class apparatus has secured their owne water source - second water supply should be a blue hydrant if initial apparatus is connected to a hydrant with less flow
- may be required to relay pump to the first arriving pump class apparatus on a split lay when instucted by the IC (distance too great form hydrant to fire)
- assume command form the firest arriving apparatus if they are ins Fast Attack Posion
- ensure firest in attack line is advancing to the seat of the fire (aid in advancing hose, removing kinks, door control)
- stretch a backup line, unless otherwise dictated by the IC
Operations Manual
Detached residential fire fist arriving aerial
- position apparatus access the structure for - rescue - elevated master stream
- position apparatus at a corner of the bulding where practical in order to maximize aerial utilization
- provide second means of fireifghter egress with aerial device or ground ladders
- forcible entry
- perform search and rescue
- tactical ventilation
position apparatus at a corner of the bulding where practical in order t
Attached Garage Fires: First arrien pump/squad
- establish command
- position apparatus past eh asddress involved, maintaining space for an aerial - if a deck gun attack is utilized, the apparatus may need to occupy the fron of the address as and altervative to leaving it for an aerial apparatus - if first arrivng apparatus is an aerial, position apparatus at a corner of the bulding in order to maximize aerial utilization
- guarantee you r own water wupply by having a crew memver catch a dydrant - where obcious signs of a working fire are visible nroute, consideration should be given to a forward lay as this involves minimal personnel
- communicate via radio if water supply cannot be secured
- effect an immediate rescue if required
- ensure any door leading to the interior of house (from the garage) remains closed
- if the garage has not vented, consider this a ompartment fire, apply agent through a small hole in the garage door before final extinguishment. if the garage has an exterior access door this may also be used
- if overhead garage door(s) has been opent, it must be scured and supporting elements must be monitored for possible failure
Opertaions Manual
Attached garage fire: second arriving pump/squad
- position apparatus by a second hydranc, maintaining space for an aerial
- secure water supply for first arriving apparatus if required
- secure your own water supply (incase first hydrant or pump fails). This shall be doen after ensureing the initial arriving pump class apparatus has secured their own water source - second sater supply should be a blue tagged hydraant if initial apparatus is connected a hydranct with less flow
- may be requried to relay pump to the firs arriving pump class apparatus on a split lay when instructed by the IC (distance too grat from hydrant to fire)
- assume command form the first arriving apparatus if they are in Fast Attack Positopm
- enter the house with a hose line to address fire extensioin
- ensure any door leading to the interior of house from the garage remains closed and protected from fire extension
Opertaions Manual
Attached garage fires: first arriving aerial
- posiont apparatus to access the structre for - rescue - elevated master stream
- provide second means of firefighter egress with aerial decive or ground ladders
- forcible entry
- perform search and rescue
- tactical ventilation
Opertaions Manual
Procedure when investigating burning in residential construction sites.
All on-duty personnel should investigate any urning in residential construction sites. FIres are to be extinguished and a fire prevention officer is to be contacted
Opertaions Manual
Large comercial fires, at what can steel truss fail
1100 (593C) steel memver can fail in as little as 5 to 10 minutes.
Opertaions Manual
Large commercial fires: first arriving apparatus
- establish command and transmit initial radio report
- the captain plans the initial ware supply (i.e. catch a hydrant or not, supply sprinkler if it is is close proximity to pump location)
- liaise with on-scene building personnel to obtain information. If ther are no building personnel on site and the location of the fire is not obious check the annunciator panel, if available
- communicate the fire location via radio
- position pump at the closest point of entry for rescue and/or fire attack, if requried
- identify and conrol flow path(s)
- transmit a follow-up radio report announcing the initial incident action play
- coordinate actions with incoming crews
- conduct a primary search and evacuate occupants
- protect exposure(s) if requried
- if command is not in a static position, transfer command
Additional considerations
* an additional radio report may be required if the fire location was not immediately identified due to its remote location, or if actual conditions differ form those reported in earlier transmissions
* if the fire starte on the exterior of the building, start fighting it from the outside, as a rapid agent application to any exterior fire that is threatening or migrating
Opertaions Manual
Large commercial fires: First arriving aerial
- ladder the building according to the needs of the incident (rescue or in support of fire opperations)
- anticipate the need for master streams
- coordinate all tactical venilation activities with interior fire attach crews
Opertaions Manual
Larve commercial fires: seocnd arriving pump/squad
- position the pump as requried
- ensure that first-arriving pump has and adequate water supply
- ensure supply hose does not ovstruct incoming apparatus
- supply the building’s sprinkler connection, if the first pmp has not done so
- stretch a 65mm hoseline to protect the initial fire attack crew and cool the steel roof memver, if necessary
- if requried by the incident commander, assist with fire attack or search and rescue operations
Opertaions Manual
Large commercial fires: additional arriving apparatus
- gain access to any doors oppiste the fire attack to allow for ventilation one agen is applies - doors to be opened for ventilation may include garage bay doors, roll-up down shutters, and exti doors. Opening these doors is dependent on the need of the incident and must be consistent with the incident actionplan. remember that the creation of any opening, in a fire-involved building, creates or has an effects on flow path(s)
- setup positive pressure ventilation (PPV), post extinguishment
- control utilites (gas, hydro…)
Opertaions Manual
Residentail highrise - initial resource deployment: Size-up
- upon arrival, aommunicate an initial radio report fire control, confirming the address, building type, occupancy type, any visible signs, the assumption and designation fo command, and running PAR status
- if the size-up confirms the presnece of conditions consistent with a working fire, upgradee to a 2nd alarm
- incoming apparatus shall be directed to alternate locations if the incident dictates (rescue, water supply, safetly perimetr etc.)
- may include calling for utilities or assistance from other agencies (peel regional police, peel regional paramedic service)
- may include establishing a perimeter or safe zone around building to prevent injury fo firefighters or civilians
Opertaions Manual
Residential highrise fires: first arriving apparatus
Initial approach
1. made to a pre-planned point of entry unless dispatched to an alternate point
2. in most cases, initial appraoch location shall be the main entrance having the annunciator panel, security/superinfendent personnel and emergency voice alarm communication (evac) system
3. driver of the apparatus will re-locate to the fire department connection (FDC), if possible and connect
4. some incident may dictate that the second arriving appartaus locate at the FDC, due to location /complexity of structure
Initial Tasks
1. confirm the location and type of alarm indicated on the annunciator panel
2. obtain information from responsible building personnel and occupants, if possible
3. obtain keys and building iformation (floor plans) for elevators, mechanical room and residences, if possible
4. and EVAC announcement may be made if the emergency incidentdictates
5. if the incident is above the 4th floor, an elevator should be taken
6. obtain control of the elvator
7. entry control shall be initiated (elevator contol peron until 3rd arriving apparatus drier takes over)
8. proceed to two floor below the alarm location and walk up the stairwell to the fire/alarm location
9. if cmoke or fire were no in the nitial size-up, but is encountered during investication, consider upgrading the alarm
10. perform the appropriate hose stretch or standpipe hose deployment
* 3 Person apparatus: captain mus have their driver more forward so they ascend PAR 3, unless another crew has moved forward simultaneously, so that elevator control can be established
Minimum equipment
1. one set of irons (flathead axe, haligan)
2. one prying tool & entry control board (elevator ontrol firefighter
3. 3x15 metre 65mm hose packs and standpipe kit
Opertaions Manual
Residentil Highrise fires: second arriving apparatus
The crew of the socond in apparatus shall provide packup/support to the team on the fire floor. lobby secotr will be bypassed. EVAC announcements my be made and alarms silenced to aid communication.
Driver will assist the first in driver with establishing a water supply and hooding into the FDC. once this is complete thsi driver shall proceed to the fire pump location to ensure it is operative
Minimum Equipment
1. one set of irons
2. 3x15m 65mm hose packs and standpipe kit
Opertaions Manual
Resedential highrise fires: third arriving apparatus
Apparatus captain will assume lobby control
the crew will proceed to the location of the first two arriving crews to assist
The driver will proceed to elevator control and obtain the tags of the initial crews, extablishing entry control in the forward staging area
- 3 person apparatus: Captain must have their driver move forward and join the firefighter so they advance PAR2. the first arriving district chief should be advised that entry control was not extablished as a result
Minimum equipment
1. one sed of irons
2. medical bag and defib
3. spare SCBA cylinders
Opertaions Manual
Residencial highrise fires: fourch arriving apparatus
Captain will assume ventilation sector officer. the vent sector officer should be in a static position near lobby contorl
Crew will be deployed to either begin pressurization of stairwell or to assess conditions in stair well prior tocommencing stairwell searches
minimum equipment
1. entry conrol board (to manage ven sector crews)
2. fans
3. ladder belt, bolt cutters, halligan, flat head axe or sledge hammer
Opertaions Manual
Residential highrise fires: fifth arriving apparatus
Report to venilation secort officer and provide additional resouces for containing smoke migration and ensuring stairwell searches are completed promptly
minimum equipment
* ladder belt, bolt cutters, halligan, flat head axe or sledge hammer
Opertaions Manual
Residential highrise fires: RIT apparatus
Advise the IC that they have arrived on scene and are moving to a forward positon. once the RIT team has arrived in the forward staging area (typically two floor below), they are to advise the IC of their staged location and availability
Opertaions Manual
Residentail highrise fires: priorities for the balance of alarm as they arrive
- search and rescue teams
- hoseline for the foor above
- incident safety officer
- forward operations sector officer
- on-deck crews in stagin
- teams to coordinate shelter-in-place activities
- rehab
Opertaions Manual
Residential highrise fires: search priorities
- suite of origi
- fire floor hallway
- adjacent suites to the suite of origin
- the suite(s) immediately above the suite of origin
- the remainder fo the suis on the fire floor
- other affected areas of the building
Opertaions Manual
Standpipe: Class 1 Characteristics
- requried by nfpa 14 to delicer a minimum rated flow of 1892 L/min at the twor uppermost or hyraulically most remote outlets at 450 kPa residual pressure pre-1993 and 700 kPa residual pressure post-1993
- building in otario do not have to adhere to nfpa and may only supply the minimum pressure requirement of 450 kPa and 30 litres per seconed (1800 L/min) as per the ontario building code
- 65mm hose connection at standpipe, not equipped with hose
- pirmarily located in stariwells (may also be found in hallways, lobbies)
- structure is equipped withand FDC and fire pump
Opertaions Manual
Standpipe: Class 2 system characteristics
- requried by NFPA 14 to delier a minimum rated flow of 380 L/min
- 38mm hose connection at standpipe equipped with hose
- structure may not have a fire pump. typically fed by domestic city water pressures
- my not have and FDC
- not to be used unless last resort for civilian and/or firefighter safety
Opertaions Manual
Standpipe: class 3 system
1.requried by nfpa 14 to delicer a minimum rated flow of 1892 L/min at the twor uppermost or hyraulically most remote outlets at 450 kPa residual pressure pre-1993 and 700 kPa residual pressure post-1993
2. building in otario do not have to adhere to nfpa and may only supply the minimum pressure requirement of 450 kPa and 30 litres per seconed (1800 L/min) as per the ontario building code
3. both 38mm and 65mm hose connections at standpipe. 38mm outlet equipped with hose
4. structure is equpped with and FDC and fire pump
Opperations Manual
Standpipe: What is a pressure restricting device (PRD) and when is it s used?
A PRD is a device designed for the purpose of reducing, regulating and controlling or restricting water pressure. PRDs are installed when pressures will exceed 690 kPa and not exceed 1225 kPa
Opperations Manual
Standpipe: Whare is a pressure reducing valve (PRV) and when are they required
A PRV is a valve designed to actively regulate outlet pressures in both static and flowing conditions. They are required for outlets where static pressures could exceed 1225 kPa
Opperations Manual
What does TSSA stand for
The Technical standards and safety authority
Opperations Manual
What aret he requirements for firefighter designated elevator acording to the OBC?
The OBC requries on designated fire fighter elevator to be installed in residentil and institutional building greater than 18 meters in hight form grade or about 6 stories.
Other building classified as assembly, office, mercantile or idustrial occupancies, also requrie a designated fire fighter elevator, but only in buildings higher that 36 meters from grade.
Opperations Manual
How are OBC firefighter elevators identified?
FIre fighter elevator installed to OBC standards can be indentified by a red helemet located:
1. on or near the frame of the elevator
2. on the key switch plate near the elevator at the recall level
3. on a similar switch on the control panel, in the elevator car
Opperations Manual
What Safetey features are red helemet fire fighter elevators equped with?
- the car services all floors
- it has manual and automatic recall of designated car and any other cars in the same shaft
- the car is equipped with full in car emergency service phase conrols
- the control switch inside the car will be marked with the work “EMERGENCY” or “FIRE OPERATIONS”, in red
- minimum foor area must be 2.2 M and it ust be large enough to accommodate a stretcher
- the car must be cabable of bearing a 900kg load
- must have an emergency power supply of minimum two hours duration
- elevator shafts cannot be used as smoke ent
- all power and control wiring are fire rated for one hour
- the car must able to travel from ground floor or main entry level to the top floor in one minute
Opperations Manual
How are firefighter elevators installed OFC standards identified?
Firefighter elevators installed OFC standards can be identified by a yellow helmet located:
1. on or near the elevator frame at the recall level
2. in the car adjacent to the emeregency switch
Opperations Manual
How do OFC complient firefighter elevators differ form OBC ones?
- elevators are not requried to automatically return to the entry level floor
- control switch in the elevator is marked by the word “EMERGENCY” in yellow
- car floor area does not have to accomodate a stretcher
- shaft may not be totally smoke proof
- car is not requried to bear 900kg
- elevator may not have an emergency power supply
- equipment is not requried to be fire rated
- no minimum speed is required
Opperations Manual
How are stairwells desiganted?
it is important to designate stairwell for attack (dirty) and evacuation (clean) at the onset of an operation, if necessary
Opperations Manual
what is the attack stairwell selected based on
the attack stair is selected based on the following information:
1. location of the fire in relation to the stairs
2. location fo the fire in relation to the standpipe
3. stairwell being used by occupants for evacuation
4. type of stairwells
Opperations Manual
When ascendign above ten floor in a non-IDLH atmosphere, crew may take a few secoond to appropriately adjust your PPE, what is permited:
- open or remove bunker jacket
- remove gloves and hood
- clip helmet to you rSCBA harness
- raise bunker pant cuffs above boots
- carry tools aboce the waist
Opperations Manual
How far appart must firefighters be during an equipment shuttle?
placed every two floors
Opperations Manual
The Vent Sector officer shall do these steps during ventilation
- direct at least two firefighters to each stairwell to determine smoke conditions. these firefighters shall travel each stairwell in its entirety checking to ensure stairwell doors on each floor are closed and smoke conditions on each fllor
- receive updtaes from personnel regarding smoke conditions at different floor level
- notify the IC of smoke conditions
- update the IC of cchanges in smoke conditions
Opperations Manual
Tactical considerations for highrise ventilation:
- investigation
- stairwell strategy
- determine fire floor
- determine status of HVAC system
- Positive Pressure Ventilation
- Entry Control
Opperations Manual
What are the two disting phases of ventilation operations
- smoke containment - immediately pressurieze a stairwell using the HVAC system or fans to:
* provide a safe egress for occupants
* provide a safe egress for firefighters
* prevent smoke movement into the stairwell
If the stairwell is contaminated ventilation becomes a high priority. DO NOT open roof hatches in uncontaminated stairwells; this can cause a chimney effect that draws smoke and heat into the stairwell - smoke removal - steps to remove smoke will be undertake after extingusihment ofthe fire. Hydraulic ventilation is not recommended in high rise buildings
