Oncology - Retinoblastoma Flashcards
1
Q
Defintion
A
Malignant tumour of the retina, and the most common malignant intraocular tumour in children
2
Q
Epidemiology
A
The average age of diagnosis is 18 months
3
Q
Aetiology
A
- Genetics- mutation in both alleles of RB1 gene on chromosome 13 (Autosomal dominant)
- Viral exposure
- Advanced paternal age
4
Q
Symptoms
A
- Absence of red-reflex, replaced by a white pupil (leukocoria) = the most common presenting symptom
- Strabismus
- Visual problems
5
Q
Diagnosis
A
- Fundoscopy and examination under anaesthesia = chalky, white-grey retinal mass
- Ophthalmic USS
6
Q
Treatment
A
Urgent treatment is required to maximise the child’s chances of survival. Treatment may involve
● Enucleation with chemotherapy.
● External beam radiation
● Photocoagulation
With treatment, 5 year survival is 90-95%
