Neonatal Sepsis Flashcards
1
Q
Defintion
A
Bacterial or viral infection in the blood within first 28 days of life.
2
Q
Caterogies
A
Early-onset: 72 hours of birth
Late onset: 7 - 28 days
3
Q
Aetiology
A
Early onset:
- Group b strep
- E.coli
Late onset:
- Staph epidermidis
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Klebsiella
- Enterobacter
- Fungal causes
4
Q
Risk factors
A
- Mothers who has had a previous baby with GBS infection who has current GBS colonisation from prenatal screening, current bacteruria, intrapartum temperature ≥38ºC, membrane rupture ≥18 hours, or current infection throughout pregnancy
- Premature (<37 weeks)
- Low birth weight (<2.5kg)
- Evidence of maternal chorioamnionitis
5
Q
Presentation
A
- Signs of resp distress
- Tachypnoea
- Apnoea
- Jaundice
- Seizures
- Poor feeding
- Abdo distention
- Temperature
= Term infants are more likely to be febrile
= Pre-term infants are more likely to be hypothermic
6
Q
Diagnosis
A
- Blood cultures
- FBC: abnormal neutrophil count
- C-reactive protein
- ABG: metabolic acidosis
- Urine microscopy
- Lumbar puncture: required as part of septic screen in any baby below age of 28 days
7
Q
Treatment
A
- FIRST LINE: IV BENZYLPENICILLIN + GENTAMYCIN
- CRP should be remeasured in 18-24 hours after presentation
- Maintaining adequate oxygenation status
- Maintaining normal fluid and electrolyte status
- Prevention and/or management of hypoglycaemia
- Prevention and/or management of metabolic acidosis