Cardiology - Ventricular Septal Defect Flashcards
1
Q
Definition
A
Most common CHD
Causes a left to right shunt
Moderate: enlarged atria and ventricles -> pulmonary HTN, and congestive heart failure
Severe: severe pulmonary HTN and early onset heart failure
2
Q
Risk factors
A
Premature birth
Genetics conditions:
- Down’s syndrome
- Edward’s
- Patau
Family history
Maternal rubella infection during pregnancy
Maternal alcohol or drug use during pregnancy
Maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy : statins, isotretinoin
3
Q
Signs
A
- Pansystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border in 3rd and 4th ICS
- Systolic thrill on palpating
- Poor feeding
- Tachypnoea
- Dyspnoea
- Failure to thrive
4
Q
Symptoms
A
Often can be symptomless
5
Q
Diagnosis
A
Echo
ECG
X-ray which may show cardiomegaly
6
Q
Treatment
A
- Diuretics to relieve pulmonary congestion
- ACE inhibitors to reduce systemic pressure
- Surgical repair
= transvenous catheter closure
= open heart surgery - Risk of infective endocarditis as a surgical complication - consider prophylactic ABx *
7
Q
Complications
A
- Eisenmengers
- Infective Endocarditis
- Heart failure
