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INCMNSZ > Oncología > Flashcards

Oncología Flashcards

1
Q

Term for the time from when a cancer treatment is started until that treatment is no longer controlling the tumor

ACP June 2024

A

Progression-free interval (accept progression-free survival)

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2
Q

Eponymous name for a malignant umbilical nodule

ACP June 2024

A

Sister Mary Joseph nodule (accept node)

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3
Q

Term for a radiotherapy treatment regimen in which the total radiation dose is divided into large treatments and given over a shorter time period than standard therapy

ACP June 2024

A

Hypofractionated (accept hypofractionation)

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4
Q

Inhibitor therapy specifically found to be inactive in patients with colon cancer and RAS and BRAF mutations

ACP June 2024

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (accept EGFR inhibitors)

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5
Q

Lung cancer complication suggested by dyspnea, cough, and facial swelling

ACP march 2019

A

Superior vena cava syndrome

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6
Q

Components of FOLFOX chemotherapy

ACP march 2019

A

Folinic acid (leucovorin), 5-FU, oxaliplatin

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7
Q

Diagnosis suggested by peripheral blood smear

Falta imagen

ACP march 2019

A

Hairy cell leukemia

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8
Q

Cancer treatment cause of LV dysfunction that is not dose dependent

ACP march 2019

A

Trastuzumab

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9
Q

Treatment for this symptomatic, early-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Falta imagen

ACP march 2019

A

Topical corticosteroids or PUVA

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10
Q

Initial treatment of intracranial hypertension due to primary CNS lymphoma

ACP may 2019

A

High-dose systemic glucocorticoids (accept steroids)

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11
Q

Minimum life expectancy in years required to benefit from screening mammography

ACP may 2019

A

Ten years

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12
Q

The colorectal cancer screening test associated with highest patient adherence

ACP may 2019

A

Fecal immunochemical testing

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13
Q

Drug class for gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib

ACP may 2019

A

EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (accept tyrosine kinase inhibitors)

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14
Q

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by extranodal involvement and overexpression of cyclin D1

ACP may 2019

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

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15
Q

The Karnofsky score measures this function

ACP december 2019

A

Performance status

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16
Q

Drug class indicated for postmenopausal women finishing 5 years of tamoxifen

ACP december 2019

A

Aromatase inhibitor

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17
Q

Term describing a chemotherapy strategy to shrink an unresectable tumor to a resectable size

ACP december 2019

A

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (accept conversion chemotherapy)

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18
Q

Type of food classified as a probable carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer

ACP december 2019

A

Red meat

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19
Q

Two vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors linked to thrombotic microangiopathy

ACP december 2019

A

Bevacizumab and sunitinib

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20
Q

Most common presentation of bladder cancer

ACP July 2021

A

Painless hematuria (accept microscopic or gross hematuria)

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21
Q

Recommended adjuvant therapy for stage 1 colon cancer

ACP July 2021

A

None

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22
Q

Treatment for limited stage small cell lung cancer following complete response to induction therapy

ACP July 2021

A

Prophylactic cranial radiation

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23
Q

Treatment approach for locally advanced cervical cancer

ACP July 2021

A

Chemoradiation

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24
Q

Class of immunotherapy drugs that disrupt signaling by malignant cells exposing them to attack by the immune system

ACP July 2021

A

Checkpoint inhibitors (accept immune checkpoint inhibitors or checkpoint inhibition)

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25
Q

Most exocrine pancreatic cancers are located in this part of the pancreas

ACP September 2021

A

Head

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26
Q

Vulvar lesion presenting as ulcer, mass, or white hyperkeratotic lesion

ACP September 2021

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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27
Q

Two malignancies responsible for most cases of superior vena cava syndrome

ACP September 2021

A

Lung cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (accept non-small cell and small cell lung cancer; do not accept lymphoma alone or Hodgkin lymphoma)

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28
Q

Adjuvant treatment for superficial bladder cancer

ACP September 2021

A

Intravesicular bacillus Calmette-Guerin (accept BCG)

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29
Q

Thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndrome that presents similarly to graft-vs-host disease

ACP September 2021

A

Thymoma-associated multiorgan autoimmunity

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30
Q

Eponym for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

ACP November 2017

A

Lynch syndrome

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31
Q

Standard initial therapeutic approach for patients with metastatic prostate cancer

ACP November 2017

A

Androgen deprivation therapy (accept hormone therapy)

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32
Q

Histological stain used to diagnose AL amyloidosis

ACP November 2017

A

Congo red (accept thioflavin T)

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33
Q

This mutation in non-small cell lung cancers predicts favorable response to specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors

ACP November 2017

A

EGRF activating mutation

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34
Q

Cancer suggested by positive immunostaining for chromogranin A or synaptophysin

ACP November 2017

A

A neuroendocrine carcinoma (accept small cell lung cancer, carcinoid, or islet cell tumor)

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35
Q

Classical presentation is painless localized cervical lymphadenopathy

ACP October 2017

A

Hodgkin disease (accept Hodgkin lymphoma)

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36
Q

Preferred drug class for postmenopausal women with HR-positive early stage breast cancer

ACP October 2017

A

Aromatase inhibitor

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37
Q

A monoclonal antibody to RANKL for the management of bone metastases from solid tumors

ACP October 2017

A

Denosumab

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38
Q

Most common kidney complication of endothelial growth factor inhibitors

ACP October 2017

A

Proteinuria (accept hypertension)

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39
Q

Positive staining for S100 protein, HMB-45 antigen, and vimentin supports this diagnosis

ACP October 2017

A

Amelanotic melanoma (accept melanoma)

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40
Q

Clinical parameter calculated using the Mosteller formula

ACP April 2024

A

Body surface area

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41
Q

Class of drugs that consist of monoclonal antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CLTA-4)

ACP April 2024

A

Checkpoint inhibitors (accept immune checkpoint inhibitors)

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42
Q

Phenomenon in which large areas of cells develop carcinogenic potential through repeated exposures

ACP April 2024

A

Field cancerization (accept field change, field carcinogenesis, cancer field effect, or premalignant field defect)

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43
Q

Term for cancer management approach deferring curative-intent therapy in lieu of regular monitoring of disease progression

ACP April 2024

A

Active surveillance (do not accept observation or watchful waiting)

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44
Q

Most common pulmonary-related symptom in lung cancer

ACP March 2024

A

Cough

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45
Q

Breast cancer type most commonly associated with mammographic microcalcifications

ACP March 2024

A

Ductal carcinoma in-situ

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46
Q

Term for two or more primary malignancies arising independently of one another within 6 months of the index tumor

ACP March 2024

A

Synchronous multiple primary malignancies (accept synchronous multiple primary tumors; synchronous malignancies; synchronous tumors)

47
Q

Most common histology for renal cell carcinoma

ACP March 2024

A

Clear cell

48
Q

Female cancer survivors are most likely to have had this type of cancer

ACP November 2021

49
Q

Most common malignancy associated with neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes

ACP November 2021

A

Small cell lung cancer

50
Q

Predominant histologic type of bladder cancer in the United States

ACP November 2021

A

Urothelial (accept transitional cell)

51
Q

Factor most predictive of survival in patients with early stage ovarian cancer

ACP November 2021

A

Completeness of surgical debulking

52
Q

Immunotherapy that uses T-cells manipulated to target specific tumor antigens

ACP November 2021

A

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (accept CAR-T cell therapy or adoptive T-cell therapy)

53
Q

Common descriptive term for these tumor cells with empty nuclei first described in papillary thyroid cancer

Falta Imagen

ACP April 2024

A

Orphan Annie eyes (accept Orphan Annie cells; Orphan Annie nuclei)

54
Q

Most common metabolic complication of Burkitt lymphoma

ACP February 2020

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

55
Q

Most common adverse musculoskeletal effect of aromatase inhibitors

ACP February 2020

A

Arthralgia (accept aromatase inhibitor–induced arthralgia syndrome)

56
Q

Term for prostate cancer that progresses despite androgen deprivation therapy

ACP February 2020

A

Castrate resistant disease (accept androgen independent prostate cancer)

57
Q

Genotype tissue testing indicated for metastatic colorectal cancer

ACP February 2020

A

K-ras and N-ras genotyping

58
Q

Vitamin effective in reducing nonmelanoma skin cancer rate in high risk patients

ACP February 2020

A

Oral nicotinamide (accept vitamin B3)

59
Q

Optimal duration of an aromatase inhibitor for breast cancer

ACP May 2020

60
Q

Acronym for the chemotherapy used in all stages of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

ACP May 2020

A

R-CHOP (Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone)

61
Q

Primary treatment of primary bladder cancer without muscle invasion

ACP May 2020

A

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) (accept tumor resection)

62
Q

More effective than bisphosphonates in reducing skeletal-related events from metastatic breast cancer

ACP May 2020

63
Q

Treatment of this cancer is associated with the greatest number of second primary cancers

ACP May 2020

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

64
Q

Most common presentation of mesothelioma

ACP June 2020

A

Pleural effusion

65
Q

Acronym for the most common adjunctive therapy for stage III-IV colon cancer

ACP June 2020

A

CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) or FOLFOX (leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin

66
Q

Lung cancer that is immunoreactive for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen

ACP June 2020

A

Small cell lung cancer

67
Q

Optimal duration of trastuzumab therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer

ACP June 2020

68
Q

Name of chemotherapy side-effect characterized by soreness, redness, and peeling of the skin of the palms and soles of the feet

ACP June 2020

A

Hand-foot syndrome (also accept acral erythema, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, hand-foot skin reaction, toxic erythema of the palms and soles, and Bergdorf’s reaction)

69
Q

Small cell lung cancer stage denoting confinement to the ipsilateral hemithorax and regional lymph nodes and can be encompassed in a radiotherapy field

ACP August 2020

A

Limited stage

70
Q

Minimum duration of adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer

ACP August 2020

A

Five years

71
Q

Infectious agent associated with head and neck cancer

ACP August 2020

A

Human papillomavirus (also accept HPV and HPV 16,18)

72
Q

Approximate equianalgesic ratio of IV morphine to oral morphine sulfate

ACP July 2020

73
Q

Syndrome name for aromatase inhibitor-related joint pain and stiffness

ACP August 2020

A

AI-associated musculoskeletal syndrome (accept AIMSS)

74
Q

Colon cancer stage most likely to benefit from chemotherapy

ACP April 2018

A

Stage III (node-positive)

75
Q

Adjuvant treatment following surgical resection of solitary brain metastasis

ACP April 2018

A

Whole brain radiation therapy

76
Q

Sunitinib is an inhibitor of this pathway

ACP April 2018

A

Anti-angiogenic (VEGF pathway)

77
Q

Most common extracolonic cancer associated with Lynch syndrome

ACP April 2018

A

Endometrial cancer

78
Q

Capecitabine-associated cutaneous reaction that could impair criminal investigations

ACP April 2018

A

Loss of fingerprints

79
Q

Most likely diagnosis in young person

Falta Imagen

ACP October 2018

A

Hodgkin disease

80
Q

Platinum-type chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer

ACP October 2018

81
Q

The most common histologic subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

ACP October 2018

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

82
Q

Equianalgesic ratio of hydrocodone to oral morphine sulfate

ACP October 2018

83
Q

Atypical mononuclear cells with highly grooved (i.e., cerebriform) nuclei

ACP October 2018

A

Sézary cells

84
Q

The strongest known risk factor for ovarian cancer (other than gender)

ACP December 2018

A

Family history

85
Q

Mutation of this gene is responsible for the familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome

ACP December 2018

A

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene

86
Q

A clonal plasma cell disorder in which fibrils of monoclonal light chains are deposited in the kidney and other tissues

ACP December 2018

A

AL amyloidosis

87
Q

Therapy for laryngeal carcinoma that is equivalent with laryngectomy

ACP December 2018

A

Radiation and chemotherapy

88
Q

The most common glioneuronal tumor

APC December 2018

A

Ganglioglioma

89
Q

Only recommended screening modality for lung cancer

ACP May 2023

A

Low dose CT of the chest (accept low dose CT of the lungs)

90
Q

Skin cancer type most prevalent following solid organ transplantation

ACP May 2023

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

91
Q

Eponymous syndrome for development of aggressive large-cell lymphoma in chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma

ACP May 2023

A

Richter syndrome (accept Richter transformation)

92
Q

Malignancy for which the Revised International Prognostic Index score is useful

ACP May 2023

A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (accept aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma)

93
Q

Acute leukemia displaying an ambiguous pattern of antigen expression making it unable to be assigned to one hematopoietic lineage

ACP May 2023

A

Mixed phenotype leukemia (accept hybrid leukemia; bilineage leukemia; biphenotypic acute leukemia)

94
Q

Patient characteristic measured by the Karnofsky and Zubrod scales

ACP February 2023

A

Performance status

95
Q

Physical tumor dimension incorporated in the staging of melanoma

ACP February 2023

A

Thickness (accept depth)

96
Q

Anti-angiogenic antibody approved for first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer

ACP February 2023

A

Bevacizumab (do not accept Avastin)

97
Q

Type of leukemia typically responsive to initial treatment with all-trans retinoic acid

ACP February 2023

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (accept acute myelogenous leukemia type M3)

98
Q

An alternative to leucovorin to treat methotrexate toxic concentrations

ACP February 2023

A

Glucarpidase

99
Q

Most useful diagnostic test for superior vena cava syndrome

ACP January 2013

A

Contrast CT

100
Q

Most common cancer causing palpable gall bladder and jaundice

ACP January 2013

A

Pancreatic cancer

101
Q

Predictive score derived by summing the two most prevalent histological grades of prostate adenocarcinoma

ACP January 2013

A

Gleason score

102
Q

Complication associated with bisphosphonate infusion

Falta Imagen

ACP January 2013

A

Osteonecrosis of jaw

103
Q

Inherited syndrome of breast cancer, brain tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and leukemia

ACP January 2013

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

104
Q

Anatomical location of pancreatic cancer associated with obstructive jaundice

ACP March 2013

A

Head of pancreas

105
Q

Second most common cause of cancer death in the U.S.

ACP March 2013

A

Colorectal cancer

106
Q

Surgical intervention associated with increased risk of renal cancer

ACP March 2013

A

Renal transplantation

107
Q

Stage classification for a patient with small-cell lung cancer involving both lungs

ACP March 2013

A

Extensive (accept stage IV)

108
Q

A tripartite benign tumor composed of blood vessel, muscle, and fat elements

ACP March 2013

A

Angiomyolipoma (accept hamartoma)

109
Q

Acronym for syndrome of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin manifestations

ACP June 2013

A

POEMS syndrome

110
Q

Most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome

ACP June 2013

A

Lung cancer

111
Q

Cancer syndrome characterized by thousands of colonic polyps

ACP June 2013

A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

112
Q

Cancer associated with new onset left sided varicocele and hydrocele

ACP June 2013

A

Renal cell carcinoma

113
Q

Second most common cancer associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer

ACP June 2013

A

Endometrial (accept uterine)

INCMNSZ (29 decks)

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