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Neumología Flashcards

1
Q

Effect of early intra-pulmonary hemorrhage on diffusing capacity measurement

ACP September 2024

A

Increased diffusing capacity (DLCO)

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2
Q

Characteristic fluid glucose levels associated with rheumatoid pleural effusion

ACP September 2024

A

Low (accept <60 mg/dL)

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3
Q

Rheumatologic disorder most commonly associated with lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia

ACP September 2024

A

Sjögren Syndrome

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4
Q

Name for the finding of bilateral hilar and right paratracheal lymph nodes on plain chest radiography in sarcoidosis

ACP September 2024

A

Garland sign (accept Garland triad, 1-2-3 sign, Pawnbrokers sign)

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5
Q

Substance implicated in vaping-related lung injury

ACP August 2024

A

Vitamin E acetate (accept vitamin E)

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6
Q

Most common noninfectious cause of chylothorax

ACP August 2024

A

Trauma (accept surgery)

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7
Q

Pneumoconiosis with highest risk for TB infection

ACP August 2024

A

Silicosis

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8
Q

Procedure for severe asthma utilizing heat to reduce airway smooth muscle

ACP August 2024

A

Bronchial thermoplasty

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9
Q

Name of fluoroscopic maneuver to confirm unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis

ACP August 2024

A

Sniff test (accept sniff test maneuver)

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10
Q

Cirrhosis complication characterized by hypoxemia, platypnea, and orthodeoxia

ACP april 2019

A

Hepatopulmonary syndrome

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11
Q

FACTT trial target CVP for patients with ARDS that was associated with reduced ventilator and ICU days

ACP april 2019

A

Less than 4 mm Hg (accept 4 mm Hg)

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12
Q

Most likely cause of this pneumonitis

Falta imagen

APC april 2019

A

Radiation pneumonitis

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13
Q

In addition to Lofgren syndrome, the other named sarcoidosis syndrome in which histologic confirmation is not required for diagnosis

ACP april 2019

A

Heerfordt syndrome

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14
Q

COPD patients with this sea-level oxygen saturation threshold are candidates for in-flight supplemental oxygen

ACP april 2019

A

Oxygen saturation less than 92% (accept 92%)

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15
Q

Name of pleural effusion characterized by a ratio of pleural fluid to blood hematocrit greater than 0.5

ACP January 2021

A

Hemothorax

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16
Q

Most important factor determining effectiveness of CPAP for sleep apnea symptoms

ACP January 2021

A

CPAP adherence (accept adherence or compliance)

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17
Q

Antibody implicated in TRALI syndrome

ACP January 2021

A

Antileukocytic antibody

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18
Q

Most common nonpancreatic cause of an elevated pleural fluid amylase

ACP January 2021

A

Esophageal rupture or malignancy (either)

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19
Q

Procedure associated with the Pronovost checklist

ACP January 2021

A

Central venous catheter insertion

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20
Q

Resting mean pulmonary artery pressure criterion for pulmonary hypertension

ACP november 2019

A

≥ 25 mm Hg (accept 25 mm Hg)

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21
Q

Term for optimization of environmental and behavioral factors associated with sleep

ACP november 2019

A

Sleep hygiene

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22
Q

Number of times to repeat pleural fluid cytology for suspected malignant effusion if first specimen is negative

ACP november 2019

A

Once (original and repeat specimen for a total of two specimens)

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23
Q

The most common presenting feature of critical illness myopathy

ACP november 2019

A

Flaccid quadriparesis and failure to wean from mechanical ventilation (either)

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24
Q

Diagnosis associated with pleural fluid creatinine to serum creatinine ratio >1.7

ACP November 2016

A

Urinothorax

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25
Condition associated with ECG J waves (Osborne waves) ## Footnote ACP November 2016
Hypothermia
26
PO2/FiO2 Berlin criteria for severe ARDS ## Footnote ACP November 2016
PO2/FiO2 ≤ 100
27
Diagnosis suggested by these findings and interstitial lung disease with hilar adenopathy ## Footnote ACP November 2016
Sarcoidosis
28
ACP guideline recommends bronchodilators for symptomatic patients with stable COPD and this FEV1 ## Footnote ACP November 2016
FEV1 < 60% predicted
29
Chronic illicit drug abuse associated with bruxism, decreased saliva, and dental decay ## Footnote ACP November 2016
Amphetamine abuse (accept "meth mouth")
30
INR range for treatment of pulmonary embolism ## Footnote ACP December 2017
2.0-3.0
31
Diagnosis in ventilated patient for hypotension, decreased left breath sounds and left deviated trachea ## Footnote ACP December 2017
Right main bronchus intubation
32
Most common acid-base disorder associated with malignant hyperthermia ## Footnote ACP December 2017
Respiratory acidosis
33
Liver condition that may result in brown pleural effusion ## Footnote ACP December 2017
Amebic abscess
34
Most common antecedent of critical illness polyneuropathy ## Footnote ACP December 2017
Severe sepsis (accept sepsis)
35
Specific quantitative criterion represented by R in the CURB-65 score ## Footnote ACP September 2017
Respiratory rate >30/min
36
High resolution CT shows diffuse, homogeneous, < 1cm diameter thin-walled cysts ## Footnote ACP September 2017
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (accept LAM)
37
Pulmonary artery wedge pressure required for a diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension ## Footnote ACP September 2017
≥ 15 mm Hg (accept < 15 mm Hg)
38
TB test for lymphocytic pleural fluid when initial smear and culture TB are negative ## Footnote ACP September 2017
Adenosine deaminase
39
Warming strategy that combines warm blankets, heating pads, radiant heat, warm baths, or forced warm air ## Footnote ACP September 2017
Active external rewarming (AER)
40
Initial physical examination finding of pulmonary hypertension ## Footnote ACP December 2021
Accentuated pulmonic heart sound
41
Medical term for 'pigeon' chest ## Footnote ACP December 2021
Pectus carinatum
42
Mainstay of treatment for most pulmonary arteriovenous malformations ## Footnote ACP December 2021
Embolotherapy (accept embolization)
43
Diagnosis for HRCT findings of bronchial dilatation and thickening, lack of airway tapering, and cysts ## Footnote ACP December 2021
Bronchiectasis
44
Smoking-related interstitial lung disease characterized by thin-walled cysts and nodules on chest imaging ## Footnote ACP December 2021
Pulmonary Langerhan cell histiocytosis (accept pulmonary Langerhan cell granulomatosis or pulmonary histiocytosis X)
45
Other than poor quality study, indication for repeat spirometry in COPD patient ## Footnote ACP March 2020
Change in symptoms
46
Treatment for insomnia involving limiting and then gradually increasing the time in bed for sleep ## Footnote ACP march 2020
Sleep restriction
47
Two highest-risk conditions for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ## Footnote ACP March 2020
Atopic asthma and cystic fibrosis
48
Intervention indicated for severe hypothermia and hemodynamic instability ## Footnote ACP March 2020
Cardiopulmonary bypass for rewarming (accept cardiopulmonary bypass)
49
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ## Footnote ACP March 2020
Nintedanib
50
Protein that protects the lower airways from damage by elastase ## Footnote ACP September 2020
Alpha-1 antitrypsin
51
Antibiotic class to prevent exacerbations of bronchiectasis ## Footnote ACP September 2020
Macrolide
52
Three categories of parapneumonic pleural effusion ## Footnote ACP September 2020
Uncomplicated, complicated, empyema
53
Humanized interleukin-5 antagonist monoclonal antibody FDA approved for severe asthma ## Footnote ACP September 2020
Mepolizumab and reslizumab (either)
54
Non-invasive method for monitoring sleep-wake cycles by measuring gross motor activity ## Footnote ACP September 2020
Sleep actigraphy (accept actigraphy)
55
Eponym for commonly used rule that differentiates transudates from exudates ## Footnote ACP October 2020
Light's Criteria Rule (accept Light's criteria, or Light)
56
Therapy with best survival benefit in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ## Footnote ACP October 2020
Lung transplantation
57
Best initial imaging test to evaluate magnitude of a pulmonary arteriovenous shunt ## Footnote ACP October 2020
Transthoracic contrast echocardiography (accept bubble echocardiography, bubble study)
58
Interstitial lung disease treatment associated with significant improvement in six-minute walk distance ## Footnote ACP October 2020
Pulmonary rehabilitation
59
Lung ultrasound finding that excludes pneumothorax ## Footnote ACP October 2020
Lung sliding
60
Antidote for methanol poisoning if fomepizole is unavailable ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Ethanol
61
Most common form of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Interstitial pneumonitis
62
Pulmonary fungal infection that may result in a black pleural effusion ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Aspergillus (also accept Rhizopus)
63
Hyperthermia and myoclonus syndrome caused by the drug 'Ecstasy' ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Serotonin syndrome
64
Eponym for thymoma and acquired hypogammaglobulinemia ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Good syndrome
65
Initial ventilation strategy for cardiogenic pulmonary edema ## Footnote ACP September 2018
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
66
Appearance of the flow-volume loop pattern for active vocal cord dysfunction ## Footnote ACP September 2018
Flattening of the inspiratory loop (flattening of the bottom of the flow volume loop)
67
Injectable agent associated with malignant hyperthermia ## Footnote ACP September 2018
Succinylcholine
68
The most common pneumoconiosis in the United States ## Footnote ACP September 2018
Silicosis
69
Name of aggressive rewarming strategy for severe hypothermia (<28ºC) ## Footnote ACP September 2018
Active Internal Rewarming (AIR)
70
Diagnosis for pleural effusion with high salivary isoenzyme form of amylase and pH = 6 ## Footnote ACP December 2018
Esophageal rupture
71
Two jugular pulse wave abnormalities associated with pulmonary hypertension ## Footnote ACP December 2018
Prominent a wave and v wave
72
Current name for extensive and diffuse occlusion of the pulmonary veins by fibrous tissue ## Footnote ACP December 2018
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
73
Drug class for an oral enzyme inhibitor used in severe COPD to prevent exacerbations ## Footnote ACP December 2018
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor (accept roflumilast)
74
Diagnosis for pleural fluid containing elongated macrophages and distinctive multinucleated giant cells (tadpole cells) ## Footnote ACP December 2018
Rheumatoid pleurisy
75
Imaging follow up for ≤ 5 mm solid pulmonary nodule in low risk patient ## Footnote ACP February 2022
None
76
Medical term for 'caved in' or 'sunken' chest ## Footnote ACP February 2022
Pectus excavatum
77
Most common CT finding associated with pulmonary adenocarcinoma-in-situ ## Footnote ACP February 2022
Ground-glass opacification (accept ground-glass nodule or subsolid nodule)
78
Preferred method to establish a diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchospasm ## Footnote ACP February 2022
Exercise challenge test
79
Eponym for an area of increased lucency on x-ray suggestive of pulmonary embolism ## Footnote ACP February 2022
Westermark sign
80
Spirometric measure of the volume of air expired following maximal inspiration ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Vital capacity (accept VC; forced vital capacity; FVC)
81
Etiology of pneumonia classically associated with 'currant jelly sputum' ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Klebsiella pneumoniae (accept Klebsiella)
82
Name for combination of asthma, nasal polyposis, and sensivity to aspirin ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (accept Samter triad)
83
The two variables used to calculate the rapid shallow breathing index to assess readiness for weaning from mechanical ventilation ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Respiratory frequency and tidal volume (accept respiratory rate)
84
Diagnosis associated with abundant lipoproteinaceous material in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (accept pulmonary alveolar phospholipoproteinosis)
85
Spirometric measure of the air remaining in the lungs at the end of passive expiration ## Footnote ACP May 2023
Functional residual capacity (accept FRC)
86
Anterior mediastinal mass associated with pure red blood cell aplasia ## Footnote ACP May 2023
Thymoma
87
Imaging method of choice to exclude chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension ## Footnote ACP May 2023
Ventilation-perfusion scanning (accept V/Q scanning)
88
Eponym for triad of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, and arthralgias in sarcoidosis ## Footnote ACP May 2023
Lofgren syndrome
89
Treatment for tuberculosis that introduced inert substances into the pleural space to force physical collapse of the affected lobes ## Footnote ACP May 2023
Plombage (accept extraperiosteal or extrapleural pnemonolysis)
90
FEV1/FVC ratio defining airway obstruction ## Footnote ACP August 2022
<70%
91
French word for 'rattle' describing a lung auscultation finding ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Râle (accept râles)
92
Syndrome characterized by chronic collapse of the right middle lobe ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Middle lobe syndrome (accept right middle lobe syndrome; Lady Windermere syndrome)
93
Lung disease from inhalation of quartz, granite, or sandstone dust ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Silicosis
94
Non-invasive method for monitoring sleep-wake cycles by measuring gross motor activity ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Sleep actigraphy (accept actigraphy)
95
Syndrome characterized by BMI >35 and PCO2 >45 torr ## Footnote ACP February 2013
Obesity hypoventilation (Pickwickian)
96
Finding on chest x-ray | Falta Imagen ## Footnote ACP February 2013
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (accept hilar lymphadenopathy)
97
Position that relieves platypnea ## Footnote ACP February 2013
Lying flat
98
Most likely diagnosis suggested by flow volume loop | Falta Imagen ## Footnote ACP February 2013
Fixed upper airway obstruction (accept tracheal stenosis)
99
Most likely cancer diagnosis | Falta Imagen ## Footnote ACP February 2013
Mesothelioma
100
Prescription that prolongs life in hypoxic COPD ## Footnote ACP April 2013
Supplemental oxygen
101
Severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency is a risk factor for this non-malignant liver disease ## Footnote ACP April 2013
Cirrhosis
102
Classification of asthma that recurs 2 days/week or nocturnal symptoms twice/month ## Footnote ACP April 2013
Mild persistent asthma
103
Stage of sleep during which hypoventilation is most prominent ## Footnote ACP April 2013
REM (accept rapid eye movement)
104
Best test to differentiate sleep apnea from obesity hypoventilation syndrome ## Footnote ACP April 2013
Daytime (awake) ABG (accept PCO2)

INCMNSZ (29 decks)

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