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INCMNSZ > Endocrinología > Flashcards

Endocrinología Flashcards

1
Q

Menstrual cycle phase in which progesterone levels peak

ACP October 2024

A

Luteal phase

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2
Q

Season in which patients with myxedema coma are most likely to present

ACP October 2024

A

Winter

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3
Q

Effect of aging on testosterone binding to sex-hormone binding globulin

ACP October 2024

A

Increase

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4
Q

Cause of chronic hypovolemic hyponatremia and hyperkalemia with hyperpigmentation

ACP October 2024

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency (accept Addison disease)

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5
Q

Eponym for syndrome resulting from hemorrhagic adrenal gland failure associated with severe bacterial infection

ACP October 2024

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

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6
Q

Common pituitary side effect of antipsychotic drugs

ACP may 2019

A

Hyperprolactinemia (accept galactorrhea)

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7
Q

Percentage range of LDL cholesterol reduction associated with medium-intensity statin therapy

ACP may 2019

A

30% to 50%

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8
Q

The time period in years following menopause in which the benefits of hormone replacement therapy are likely to exceed risks

ACP may 2019

A

10 years

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9
Q

In addition to bone density measurement, the two most important patient-related risk factors for osteoporosis fracture

ACP may 2019

A

Age and previous fracture

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10
Q

Two additional treatments for high-risk thyroid cancer following resection

ACP may 2019

A

Radioactive iodine and levothyroxine suppression therapy (accept thyroid suppression therapy)

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11
Q

Physical examination finding that differentiates primary from secondary adrenal insufficiency

ACP August 2019

A

Increased pigmentation

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12
Q

Minimum duration of albuminuria needed to diagnose diabetic nephropathy

ACP august 2019

A

3 months

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13
Q

Major metabolic complication of selective inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporters

ACP august 2019

A

Ketoacidosis

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14
Q

Diagnosis accounting for hypothyroidism, rapidly enlarging goiter, weight loss, and night sweats in elderly female

ACP august 2019

A

Primary thyroid lymphoma

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15
Q

The Delphian lymph node drains this structure

ACP august 2019

A

Thyroid gland

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16
Q

Hemoglobin A1c level that corresponds to average glucose level of 154 mg/dL

ACP November 2016

A

7%

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17
Q

Age criterion for parathyroidectomy for asymptomatic patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

ACP November 2016

A

Age < 50 years

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18
Q

The single best blood test for making the diagnosis of acromegaly

ACP November 2016

A

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (accept IGF-1)

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19
Q

Cause of thyrotoxicosis and low thyroglobulin level

ACP November 2016

A

Ingestion of excess thyroid hormone (accept factitious hyperthyroidism)

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20
Q

Psychiatric drug that increases set point at which calcium suppresses PTH

ACP November 2016

A

Lithium

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21
Q

Test to distinguish exogenous from endogenous hyperinsulinemia

ACP March 2021

A

Plasma C-peptide

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22
Q

Initial drug therapy for pituitary apoplexy

ACP March 2021

A

Hydrocortisone (accept steroids)

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23
Q

Syndrome resulting from nondisjunction of the X chromosomes of either parent during meiotic division

ACP March 2021

A

Klinefelter’s syndrome

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24
Q

Syndrome characterized by the combination of autoimmune adrenal insufficiency with other autoimmune endocrine disorders

ACP March 2021

A

Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 2 (accept polyglandular autoimmune syndrome)

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25
Q

Most likely mechanism of disabling hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery

ACP March 2021

A

Beta islet hypertrophy (accept beta cell hypertrophy and pancreatic nesidioblastosis)

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26
Q

ADA recommends this as the first line therapy for pre-diabetes

ACP january 2020

A

Lifestyle modification (accept exercise and weight loss)

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27
Q

Most common condition that decreases testosterone binding to sex-hormone binding globulin

ACP january 2020

A

Obesity

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28
Q

Endocrine Society recommends treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism when TSH is above this level

ACP january 2020

A

10 mU/L (accept 10)

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29
Q

Preferred treatment of Graves disease during first trimester of pregnancy

ACP january 2020

A

Propylthiouracil

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30
Q

Effect of human choriogonadotropin on T4, T3, and TSH

ACP january 2020

A

Increases T4 and T3, decreases TSH

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31
Q

Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism

ACP June 2021

A

Surgical destruction (accept surgical injury)

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32
Q

Size definition of pituitary macroadenoma

ACP June 2021

A

Greater than or equal to 1 cm

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33
Q

Breathing disorder worsened by testosterone replacment therapy

ACP June 2021

A

Obstructive sleep apnea (accept sleep apnea)

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34
Q

Adrenal incidentaloma threshold size suspicious for malignancy

ACP June 2021

A

> 4 cm

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35
Q

Cause of falsely low serum thyroglobulin measurements

ACP June 2021

A

Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies

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36
Q

First two tests to evaluate secondary amenorrhea after excluding pregnancy

ACP October 2017

A

FSH and prolactin

37
Q

Precise time of day for testosterone measurement in evaluation of hypogonadism

ACP October 2017

A

At 8:00 AM

38
Q

Specific diagnostic antibody associated with Graves disease

ACP October 2017

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody

39
Q

All normotensive patients with adrenal incidentaloma are screened for these 2 endocrine disorders

ACP October 2017

A

Pheochromocytoma and Cushing syndrome

40
Q

Diagnosis for bone fragility and dentinogenesis imperfecta

ACP October 2017

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

41
Q

Type of endocrine signaling in which a cell secretes a hormone that binds to receptors on the same cell

ACP February 2024

42
Q

Condition for which the Ferriman-Gallwey scale is used to assess severity

ACP February 2024

A

Hirsutism (accept abnormal hair growth)

43
Q

Indicated laboratory test in thyrotoxicosis with suppressed TSH and normal T4 level

ACP February 2024

A

Triiodothyronine (accept T3 or Free T3)

44
Q

Infectious complication of the external genitalia and perineum associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors

ACP February 2024

A

Necrotizing fasciitis (accept Fournier gangrene)

45
Q

Most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome

ACP December 2023

A

ACTH-secreting pituitary tumor (accept Cushing disease)

46
Q

Two skin findings associated with Addison Disease

ACP December 2023

A

Hyperpigmention and vitiligo

47
Q

Monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclast formation

ACP December 2023

48
Q

Classic bone disorder associated with severe and prolonged hyperparathyroidism

ACP December 2023

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (accept osteitis fibrosa; osteodystophia fibrosa; von Recklinghousen disease of bone; brown tumors)

49
Q

Eponymous name for hyperthyroidism resulting from the administration of iodine or iodide in patients with iodine deficiency

ACP December 2023

A

Jod-Basedow effect (accept Jod-Basedow phenomenon or Jod-Basedow syndrome)

50
Q

Condition describing decreased function of the testes

ACP April 2020

A

Hypogonadism

51
Q

Hypoglycemic condition treated with ‘permissive hyperglycemia’

ACP April 2020

A

Hypoglycemic unawareness

52
Q

Isthmus of thyroid gland is inferior to this cartilage

ACP April 2020

A

Cricoid cartilage

53
Q

Most common type of clinically nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma

ACP April 2020

A

Gonadotroph adenomas

54
Q

Initial laboratory test used to diagnose acromegaly

ACP April 2020

A

Insulin-like Growth factor-1 (accept IGF-1)

55
Q

Most common cause of oral vitamin D ‘resistance’

ACP December 2020

A

Vitamin D malabsorption

56
Q

A disorder caused by loss of an X chromosome

ACP December 2020

A

Turner syndrome

57
Q

Most common cause of thyrotoxicosis, low radioactive iodine uptake, and low thyroglobulin level

ACP December 2020

A

Excess ingestion of thyroid (accept surreptitious ingestion)

58
Q

Most common form of monogenic diabetes

ACP December 2020

A

Maturity onset diabetes of the young (accept MODY)

59
Q

Syndrome characterized by endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia that is not caused by an insulinoma

ACP December 2020

A

Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycemia (accept nesidioblastosis)

60
Q

Endocrine disorder associated with macrognathia

ACP April 2018

A

Acromegaly

61
Q

Next test for primary amenorrhea associated with normal pelvic ultrasound and elevated FSH

ACP April 2018

A

Karyotype analysis

62
Q

Autoimmune skin condition associated with autoimmune adrenalitis

ACP April 2018

63
Q

Adult bone disease associated with increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23)

ACP April 2018

A

Osteomalacia

64
Q

Two iodine solutions used to treat thyroid storm

ACP April 2018

A

SSKI and Lugol’s solution

65
Q

Eye finding associated with osteogenesis imperfecta

ACP July 2018

A

Blue sclera

66
Q

Diagnostic test to rule out familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

ACP July 2018

A

24-hour urine calcium excretion (accept Ca/Cr clearance ratio)

67
Q

High-intensity statin not recommended by the FDA

ACP July 2018

A

Simvastatin

68
Q

The most frequent hormonal syndrome associated with adrenal incidentaloma

ACP July 2018

A

Subclinical Cushing syndrome (accept Cushing syndrome)

69
Q

Suppression test in patient with elevated aldosterone to plasma renin activity ratio

ACP July 2018

A

Oral sodium loading or saline infusion test (accept sodium loading)

70
Q

Malignant tumor associated with Paget disease of bone

ACP November 2018

A

Osteosarcoma

71
Q

Substance used in growth hormone suppression test for suspected acromegaly

ACP November 2018

72
Q

Recommended strategy if two different tests to diagnose diabetes are discordant

ACP November 2018

A

Repeat abnormal test

73
Q

Plasma insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin values are elevated in this disease

ACP November 2018

A

Insulinoma and insulin autoimmune hypoglycemia (either)

74
Q

Age criterion for parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism

ACP November 2018

A

< 50 years

75
Q

Most common clinical feature of Graves disease

ACP June 2022

A

Hyperthyroidism

76
Q

Pituitary hormone often with elevated baseline levels in polycystic ovary syndrome

ACP June 2022

A

Luteinizing hormone (accept LH)

77
Q

Syndrome defined by medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism

ACP June 2022

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A)

78
Q

Imaging study to detect extent and location of Paget disease of bone

ACP June 2022

A

Bone scintigraphy (accept radionuclide bone scan)

79
Q

Preferred diagnostic test for patients with elevated PTH and serum calcium but very low urinary calcium excretion

ACP June 2022

A

Calcium/creatinine clearance ratio (accept fractional excretion of calcium - for diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH))

80
Q

Most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism

ACP July 2023

A

Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (do not accept adrenal hyperplasia; must be bilateral

81
Q

Type of bone most affected by imbalanced remodeling in osteoporosis

ACP July 2023

A

Cancellous (accept trabecular or spongy)

82
Q

Term for low thyroid function parameters in those with significant non-thyroidal illness

ACP July 2023

A

Euthyroid sick syndrome (accept non-thyroidal illness syndrome)

83
Q

Hypercalcemic disorder due to parathyroid hyperplasia following prolonged parathyroid stimulation

ACP July 2023

A

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism

84
Q

Class of type 2 diabetes medication associated with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis

ACP July 2023

A

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors

85
Q

Most common cause of hyperthyroidism

ACP July 2022

A

Graves disease

86
Q

Statin therapy increases the risk of this metabolic disease

ACP July 2022

87
Q

Recommended routine monitoring for complications of testosterone therapy

ACP July 2022

A

Hematocrit and PSA (either)

88
Q

Bone disease associated with opalescent teeth that wear quickly

ACP July 2022

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

89
Q

Treatment target for urine calcium levels in patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism

ACP July 2022

A

Urine calcium less than 300 mg/24 hours

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