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Nefrología Flashcards

1
Q

Protein most sensitive to detection by urine dipstick testing

ACP November 2024

A

Albumin

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2
Q

Eponymous term for IgA nephropathy

ACP November 2024

A

Berger disease

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3
Q

Most serious extra-renal complication of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

ACP November 2024

A

Central nervous system bleeding (accept ruptured cerebral aneurysm; subarachnoid hemorrhage; intracerebral hemorrhage)

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4
Q

Kidney anatomic structure associated dysmorphic erythrocytes

ACP November 2024

A

Glomerulus

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5
Q

Gene associated with nondiabetic kidney disease and HIV-associated nephropathy in patients of African descent

ACP November 2024

A

Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)

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6
Q

Class of diuretics associated with hypercalcemia

ACP September 2025

A

Thiazides

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7
Q

Urinary substance resulting in malta cross bodies on polarized microscopy

ACP September 2025

A

Lipids (accept fat; cholesterol esters)

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8
Q

Two types of kidney stones whose formation depends on acidic urine

ACP September 2025

A

Uric acid and cystine

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9
Q

Complement component severely reduced in acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

ACP September 2025

A

C3

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10
Q

Juxtaglomerular neoplasm associated with severe hypertension, potassium wasting, and hypokalemia

ACP September 2025

A

Reninoma

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11
Q

Vasculitis that is associated with stenosis and aneurysms of the renal artery

ACP February 2019

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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12
Q

Electrolyte-associated syndrome characterized by quadriparesis, ‘locked in’ syndrome, and coma

ACP February 2019

A

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (accept central pontine myelinolysis or pontine myelinolysis)

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13
Q

Diagnosis associated with this skin finding and angiomyolipomas or tubers of the skin, retina, brain, and kidneys

Falta imagen

ACP February 2019

A

Tuberous sclerosis complex (accept tuberous sclerosis)

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14
Q

Syndrome caused by metabolism of ADH by circulating vasopressinase

ACP February 2019

A

Gestational diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

Therapeutic infusion associated with type B lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and hyperlipidemia

ACP February 2019

A

Propofol infusion

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16
Q

Recommended testing for patients with suspected masked hypertension

ACP june 2019

A

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

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17
Q

Kidney stone name most commonly associated with neurogenic bladder

ACP june 2019

A

Struvite (accept magnesium, ammonium, phosphate)

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18
Q

Gastrointestinal disorder that can cause D-lactic acidosis

ACP june 2019

A

Short-bowel syndrome (accept jejunoileal bypass or small bowel resection)

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19
Q

Serum bicarbonate threshold for which oral alkali therapy is indicated in CKD

ACP june 2019

A

Less than 23 mEq/L (accept 23 mEq/L)

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20
Q

Fractional excretion measurement to diagnose prerenal AKI in a patient taking diuretics

ACP june 2019

A

Fractional excretion of urea

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21
Q

Most common cause of erythropoietin refractoriness in CKD-related anemia

ACP August 2019

A

Iron deficiency

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22
Q

Two treatment components essential for managing overcorrection of severe hyponatremia

ACP August 2019

A

Desmopressin and 5% dextrose

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23
Q

Licorice-related steroid causing apparent mineralocorticoid excess

ACP August 2019

A

Glycyrrhetinic acid (accept carbenoxolone)

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24
Q

Histological type of cancer risk associated with Balkan endemic nephropathy

ACP august 2019

A

Transitional cell carcinoma (accept urothelial carcinoma)

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25
Kidney disease causing marked proteinuria in an extremely obese patients ## Footnote ACP august 2019
Secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (accept FSGS)
26
Acid-base disorder associated with laxative abuse ## Footnote ACP February 2020
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
27
Name of kidney disease associated with elevated levels of IgG4 ## Footnote ACP February 2020
IgG4-related interstitial nephritis (accept IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis)
28
Two highest cancer risks in kidney transplant patients ## Footnote ACP February 2020
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease
29
Obesity drug associated with acute oxalate nephropathy ## Footnote ACP February 2020
Orlistat
30
Two diagnostic laboratory abnormalities common to beer potomania, tea and toast syndrome, and primary polydipsia ## Footnote ACP February 2020
Hyponatremia and inappropriately dilute urine
31
Acid-base disorder associated with opioid overdose ## Footnote ACP July 2021
Primary respiratory acidosis
32
Class of medication shown to decrease urinary calcium and calcium oxalate kidney stone disease ## Footnote ACP July 2021
Thiazide diuretics
33
Condition characterized by recumbent urine sample with a normal protein/creatinine ratio and an upright sample with an elevated ratio ## Footnote ACP July 2021
Orthostatic proteinuria (accept postural proteinuria)
34
Patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis typically present with this syndrome ## Footnote ACP July 2021
Nephrotic syndrome
35
Three clinical predictors of progression of IgA nephropathy ## Footnote ACP July 2021
Elevated serum creatinine, hypertension, persistent proteinuria
36
Autosomal dominant disorder causing benign hematuria ## Footnote ACP October 2017
Thin basement membrane disease
37
HYVET study systolic blood pressure target associated with reduced mortality ## Footnote ACP October 2017
≤ 150 mm Hg
38
Surgical procedure associated with oxalate nephropathy ## Footnote ACP October 2017
Gastric bypass surgery (accept bowel resection)
39
Preferred statin for patients on dialysis for end-stage kidney disease ## Footnote ACP October 2017
None
40
Most common disease cause of proximal RTA (Fanconi's syndrome) in adults ## Footnote ACP October 2017
Monoclonal gammopathy (accept multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, light chain disease)
41
Vitamin ingestion that may cause false negative urine dipstick for blood ## Footnote ACP March 2024
Vitamin C (accept ascorbic acid)
42
Expected physiologic changes in serum osmolality and sodium during pregnancy ## Footnote ACP March 2024
Decrease in both serum osmolality and sodium
43
Most common parasitic infection causing chyluria ## Footnote ACP March 2024
Filariasis
44
Reabsorption of these two minerals in the thick ascending limb is indirectly inhibited by blockade of the NKCC channel by loop diuretics ## Footnote ACP March 2024
Magnesium and calcium
45
Acid-base disorder associated with high dose propofol infusion ## Footnote ACP March 2024
Anion-gap metabolic acidosis (accept lactic acidosis; do not accept metabolic acidosis alone)
46
Kidney injury following use of cathartics that contain oral sodium phosphate ## Footnote ACP April 2020
Acute phosphate nephropathy
47
Behavior that can lead to transient proteinuria in normal individuals ## Footnote ACP april 2020
Strenuous exercise
48
Three major causes of polyuria associated with large volumes of dilute urine ## Footnote ACP april 2020
Primary polydipsia (accept psychogenic polydipsia), central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
49
Toxicity causing hypertension, gout, proximal renal tubular disease, and interstitial nephritis ## Footnote ACP April 2020
Lead toxicity
50
Definition of hypertension based on 24-hour average blood pressure measurement obtained by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ## Footnote ACP April 2020
Equal to or greater than 130/80 mm Hg (accept 130/80 mm Hg)
51
Syndrome characterized by a decrease in renal function that occurs with acute decompensated heart failure ## Footnote ACP November 2020
Cardiorenal syndrome (accept cardiorenal syndrome type 1)
52
Term to describe failure of the blood pressure to fall by at least 10 percent during sleep ## Footnote ACP November 2020
Nondipping
53
The most powerful nonosmotic stimulus for ADH release ## Footnote ACP November 2020
Hypovolemia
54
Method to estimate urinary ammonium excretion ## Footnote ACP November 2020
Urine anion gap or urine osmolal gap (either)
55
Most common condition causing secondary IgA nephropathy ## Footnote ACP November 2020
Chronic liver disease (accept alcoholic cirrhosis or cirrhosis)
56
Clinical presentation of patient with thin glomerular basement membrane disease ## Footnote ACP December 2020
Hematuria
57
Intestinal disease associated with glomerular IgA deposition ## Footnote ACP December 2020
Celiac disease
58
Kidney disease associated with mesalamine therapy ## Footnote ACP December 2020
Interstitial nephritis
59
The two most common causes of diabetes insipidus in adults ## Footnote ACP December 2020
Chronic lithium use and hypercalcemia (accept lithium)
60
The two most immediate causes of death in MDMA (ecstasy) use ## Footnote ACP December 2020
Hyponatremia and hyperthermia
61
Antihypertensive drug class associated with greatest risk of gout ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Diuretics (accept thiazides)
62
Cause of acute episodic muscle weakness triggered by high carbohydrate meal ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
63
Name of this urine crystal | Falta imagen ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Cystine
64
Decoy cells are associated with this infection in kidney transplant patients ## Footnote ACP March 2018
BK virus (accept polyomavirus)
65
Autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutation of genes coding for the alpha-3 or alpha-4 chains of type IV collagen ## Footnote ACP March 2018
Thin basement membrane disease
66
The physical examination finding that distinguishes cerebral salt wasting syndrome from SIADH ## Footnote ACP July 2018
Hypovolemia
67
Specific acid-base disorder associated with linezolid ## Footnote ACP July 2018
Lactic acidosis (accept increased anion-gap metabolic acidosis)
68
Diagnosis causing high plasma sodium and inappropriately low urine osmolality at end of first trimester
Diabetes insipidus of pregnancy (diabetes insipidus not sufficient)
69
Two autosomal recessive disorders characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and secondary hyperreninemia ## Footnote ACP July 2018
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome
70
Most rapidly acting and least toxic acute treatment for uremic platelet dysfunction ## Footnote ACP July 2018
Desmopressin
71
Kidney disease associated with term 'synpharyngitic hematuria' ## Footnote ACP November 2018
IgA nephropathy
72
Mutation of type IV collagen gene associated with glomerular, eye, and inner ear disease ## Footnote ACP November 2018
Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis)
73
Name of this urine crystal | Falta Imagen ## Footnote ACP November 2018
Oxalate crystals
74
Autoantibody associated with primary membranous nephropathy ## Footnote ACP November 2018
Phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (PLA2R antibody)XXX
75
Treatment for lithium-related diabetes insipidus in patients who cannot stop lithium ## Footnote ACP November 2018
Amiloride
76
Kidney disease associated with electron microscopic findings consisting only of effacement and flattening of podocytes ## Footnote ACP January 2022
Minimal change disease
77
Condition characterized by a decrease in urinary concentrating ability from resistance to antidiuretic hormone ## Footnote ACP January 2022
Nephrogenic diabetes inspidus (must indicate nephrogenic)
78
Types of renal tubular acidosis associated with hypokalema ## Footnote ACP January 2022
Type 1 (distal) and type 2 (proximal)
79
Ethnic group with highest incidence of IgA nephropathy ## Footnote ACP January 2022
Asians and Caucasians (either)
80
Mutation of type IV collagen gene associated with this benign hereditary kidney disease ## Footnote ACP January 2022
Thin basement membrane disease
81
Class of diuretics acting at the distal tubule ## Footnote ACP August 2023
Thiazide diuretics
82
Most common drug class associated with resistant hypertension ## Footnote ACP August 2023
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
83
Toxic product of methanol ingestion resulting from sequential metabolism by alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase ## Footnote ACP August 2023
Formic acid (accept formate)
84
Autoimmune disease most commonly associated with distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis ## Footnote ACP August 2023
Sjögren syndrome
85
Site of action of the diuretic effect of acetazolamide ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Proximal tubule
86
Specific target of autoantibodies in anti-glomerular basement disease ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Type IV collagen
87
Most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Membranous nephropathy
88
Circulating protease inhibitor biomarker for GFR less affected by age, gender, and muscle mass than creatinine ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Cystatin C (accept gamma trace, post-gamma-globulin, or neuroendocrine basic polypeptide)
89
The calculation Kt/V is used to assess this aspect of dialysis ## Footnote ACP June 2023
Treatment adequacy (accept urea clearance)
90
Renal artery 'string of beads' radiographic sign is associated with this disorder ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Fibromuscular dysplasia
91
Characteristic manifestation of this condition is isolated asymptomatic glomerular hematuria ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Thin basement membrane disease
92
Condition characterized by impaired excretion of hydrogen ions in the distal tubule ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Type 1 (hypokalemic distal) renal tubular acidosis
93
Syndrome of hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis, and renal insufficiency ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Milk-alkali syndrome
94
Serum sodium and urine specific gravity findings associated with beer potomania ## Footnote ACP August 2022
Hyponatremia and low specific gravity
95
Most sensitive dipstick screening test for UTI ## Footnote ACP June 2013
Leukocyte esterase
96
A potent intrinsic inhibitor of urine stone formation ## Footnote ACP June 2013
Citrate
97
Cause of this skin finding following cardiac catheterization | Falta Imagen ## Footnote ACP June 2013
Atheroemboli (accept cholesterol emboli)
98
Adrenal cause of euvolemic hypoosmolality ## Footnote ACP June 2013
Addision disease (accept hypocortisolism)
99
Name of acute kidney injury associated with a colonoscopy bowel preparation ## Footnote ACP June 2013
Acute phosphate nephropathy

INCMNSZ (29 decks)

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