OCB02 Flashcards
GSC
Gingival
DPSC
Dental pulp
DFPC
Dental follicle
SHED
Stem cells from human exfoliated teeth
TGPC
Tooth germ progenitor cells
iPSC
Induced pluripotent
PDLS
Periodontal ligament
ESC
Embryonic
EOSC
Oral mucosa epithelial
GMSC
Gingival mucosa
Where do dental pulp cells come from?
Neural crest cells
What do mesenchymal cells do?
Grow and repair organs
When does primary dentine stop being formed?
When the bottom of the root shuts
What is gastrulation and where does it occur?
Forming the 3 germ layers in the inner cell mass
What does the mesoderm form?
Everything else
What does the endoderm form?
GI tract including the liver and pancreas
What does the ectoderm form?
Nervous system, NCC and the skin
Describe the lay out around the neural tube (4)
Ectoderm, NCC, tube, notochord and endoderm
What do NCC do?
Direct the growth and development of the face
What is oligodontia?
No teeth, cleft palate and cancer due to genetic problems
What does Runx2 cause?
Teeth continuously made
What is ectodermal dysplasia?
No glands and weird teeth due to EDAR
What forms the neural plate?
Ectoderm
What does the neural plate form?
Neural tube
What grows where the tube fuses?
Hindbrain
Where is the primitive streak found and what is it derived from?
Neural plate
Mesoderm
What forms somites?
Mesoderm
Where do cells from the streak move to?
The notochord
How is head to tail decided?
When cells leave the streak
How is belly to back decided?
Where the cells are placed on the streak
Describe what the primitive streak forms top to bottom
Vertebrae, muscles, heart, kidney, belly
What cells forms the neural plate?
Epiblast calls
What forms the blastocyst? (3)
Trophoblast, epiblast then hypoblast
What does the trophoblast form?
Placenta
What does the inner cell mass formed from?
Hypoblast and epiblast
What does the epiblast form?
Ectoderm
What does the hypoblast form?
Endoderm
What causes proliferation and the epithelium?
BMP4, FgF and Shh
What does bmp stimulate?
Cell death
What is under the enamel knot?
Dental papilla
What does the homeobox do?
Genes that control other genes expression
What gene decides how many cusps will form?
Barx1
When does the enamel knot form and why?
At the bud stage as the mesenchyme signals it to do so
What genes contribute to cusp formation?
Eda and Shh
What forms the oral epithelium?
Ectoderm
Where is the oral epithelium?
At the top of the circle
Where is the dental mesenchyme?
In the bottom middle of the circle
In the bell stage what type of tissue makes up the top and bottom?
The top is the epithelial and the bottom is the mesenchyme and NCC
What does mesenchyme form?
Dentine, pulp, cementum, alveolar bone and PDL
What does the epithelial form?
Enamel
What comes from the dental follicle?
Cementum, PDL and alveolar bone
What does the dental papilla form?
Dentine and pulp
Name the 4 different type of cementum
Extrinsic acellular at the crown
Mixed cellular at the bottom of the root
Intrinsic cellular in the middle of the root
Extrinsic acellular at the edge of the root
What does aceullar mean?
It doesn’t contain cells
What is cortical and trabecular bone?
The outside of the bone and in the inside of the bone
What is the difference between maxilla and mandible bone?
Mandible bone is regular where as maxilla is irregular
Where are osteoclasts found?
In howships lacunae
What do bone lining cells do?
Move P and Ca into and out of bone
What sits next to the HERS? (2)
Odontoblasts and the dental follicle
When the HERs finishes what comes above it?
Rests of malassez which are next to cementum
What connects cementum and bone?
Collagen
What happens to pulp in the elderly?
It gets more fibrous and smaller
What may cause pulp inflammation?
Caries, toxins, bacteria and trauma
What is taurodontism?
When the pulp splits too low
What does the pulp do? (4)
Make/repair dentine, form roots, protect against infection and cause eruption
What happens when pulp becomes inflamed?
Capillaries invade
What does dentinogensis imperfecta cause?
Narrow roots and bulbous canals
What causes pulp stones?
Tertiary dentine
What are sclerosed canals?
Dentine filled canals
What are lateral canals?
Ones off the sides
What are accessory canals?
Ones at the bottom
What’s the difference between coronal and reticular pulp?
Pseudostratified columnar while there is reticular has simple columnar and coronal is at the top while radicular is in the canals
Where is the disc found in the TMJ?
On top of the condyle
Where is the coronoid and condyle?
Coronoid is at the front and the other at the back
Which bones of the TMJ are muscle attachments?
Coronoid and the angle
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Hinge and gliding joint
What is the ligament called that moves with the bone?
Mandibular fossa attached to the condyle
What cartilage is in the TMJ?
Secondary
