Protein Metabolism Flashcards
How does glutamine form glutamate?
H2O in
NH3 out
Glutaminase
How does glutamate form glutamine?
ATP and NH3 in
ADP and Pi out
Glutamine synthetase
How are amino acids transported around the blood?
As glutamate
What happens when cells are recognised as damaged?
The ubiquitin breakdown system breaks them down to form amino acids
Where is the amino acid pool found?
Extracellular space
How does deamination work?
Amino acid + NAD + water = keto acid + ammonia + NADH2
Why do we make keto acids?
Metabolism and fatty acid synthesis
What is deamination?
Removing an ammonia group
What is transamination?
Transfer of amine groups
What is transdeamination? Why do we do it?
Removing an ammonia group and swapping an amino group
We have to do it before doing the urea cycle
Describe the urea cycle
Ornithine to citruline
Carbamoyl phosphate in and Pi out
Citruline to arginionsuccinate
Aspartate and ATP in and Pi out
Arginosuccinic acid synthetase
Argininiosuccinate to arginine
Fumarate out
Arginosuccinase
Argigine to ornithine
H20 in and urea out
Arginase
How do we form carbamoyl phosphate?
CO2 + NH4+ + ATP
What is catabolism?
Breaking down
Why are lots of small reactions used?
Lots of small activation energies are overcome in useable amounts which carriers store to stop energy being released as heat
Why does ATP want to break down?
To relieve the repulsion between the Pi groups
