Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 Summative 2 > BMS13 > Flashcards

BMS13 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the ion channels in the colon (5)

A

Left side
Na in
H out and Na in
HCO3 out and Cl in

Right side
Na out and K in using ATP
Cl out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What may cause malabsorption? (4)

A

Bile salts not circulating properly, failure of pancreatic enzyme delivery, lack of vitamins or too much water being retained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What takes bile back to the liver?

A

Portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe a villi (5)

A

Goblet cells, ion channels and enterocytes line it
Lacteals and capillaries are in the centre
Intestinal crypts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens in intestinal crypts?

A

Stem cells move up and differentiate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Cut 2 FA from TAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do lacteals do?

A

Absorb fat in the form of chylomicrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do enterocytes do?

A

Make enzymes e.g. enterokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens to lipids?

A

Lipoprotein B packages lipids into chylomicrons which the lipids absorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does bile do and where does the end of the journey come?

A

Emulsify lipids so they form micelles which contain bile salt and lipases so they can be cut up and diffuse into enterocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens when FA diffuse into enterocytes?

A

SER resynthesizes them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does protein digestion start and finish?

A

In the stomach with HCl and pepsin and then to the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does enterokinase do?

A

Convert inactive enzymes into their active form e.g. tripsinogen to trypsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does trypsin do?

A

Activate inactive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What makes intrinsic factor for B12?

A

Parietal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What stimulates water absorption in the colon?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the importance of microflora?

A

It can’t cross the epithelium which helps make vit K and folic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What may cause not enough water absorption?

A

Bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the main site of water absorption?

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What pumps does the small intestine have?

A

Fructuose, Na/glucose, Na/K/ATP and then Glucose/Fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the tissue of the oesophagus (3)

A

Smooth & skeletal muscle
connective tissue makes the adventitia
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium makes the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many sphincters does the oesophagus have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do parotid glands excrete?

A

Serous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do submandibular glands excrete?

A

Serous and mucosal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do sublingual glands excrete?

A

Mucosal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What shuts the stomach off from the duodenum?

A

Pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water and vitamins to finish digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does CKK cause?

A

Contract the gall bladder and relax the sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What stimulates gastric secretions?

A

Histamine, gastrin and Ach

30
Q

What makes up gastric secretions?

A

HCl

31
Q

What is chyme?

A

Gastric juice and partially digested food

32
Q

What gland makes saliva?

A

Acinar

33
Q

What inhibits gastrin?

A

Low pH

34
Q

When is CCK released?

A

In response to fat

35
Q

What does CCK do? (3)

A

Stop feeling hungry
Enzyme secretion
Gastric motility
Contracts the sphincter between duo and pancreas

36
Q

How is saliva modified?

A

Its passed along a duct and has ions added and removed

37
Q

What is the cephalic phase?

A

1

Food in the mouth causes saliva and gastric secretions

38
Q

What is the intestinal phase?

A

3
Food enters SI and hormones are released to stop gastric secretions
Nutrients are absorbed
Bile and pancreatic secretions occur

39
Q

What is the gastric phase?

A

2
Acids and enzymes are made when food is in the stomach
Gastric motility

40
Q

What cells release H? (2) What stimulates them to make H?

A

Enterochromaffin and parietal

ACh

41
Q

What else does ACh do?

A

Get mast cells the make histamine

42
Q

What does gastrin do? (2)

A

Get mast cells to make histamine and stimulate parietal cells to make H

43
Q

What does histamine do?

A

Get parietal cells to make H

44
Q

What do delta cells do? (3)

A

Make somatostatin which get enterochromaffin cells to make histamine and get parietal and g cells to make gastrin

45
Q

What do brunners glands make?

A

Mucus and HCO3

46
Q

What do crypts make?

A

Saline

47
Q

When is secretin released and by which organ?

A

Duodenum
Releases when chime gets acidic
Increases bile release

48
Q

What are enterocytes?

A

Cells lining the small intestine

49
Q

What do chief cells make?

A

Pepsinogen

50
Q

What does GIP and GLP do?

A

Inhibit glucagon and make insulin

51
Q

What type of cells make enzymes and alkali?

A

Acinar cells

52
Q

What is the hunger hormone?

A

Ghrelin

53
Q

What makes up the back of the tongue?

A

Smooth oral epithelium

54
Q

What seperates the front and the back of the tongue?

A

V shaped sulcus terminalis surrounded by moats

55
Q

What type of cells make up the front of the tongue?

A

Fungiform for taste; mushroom shape
Filiform; keratinized spiky shape
Circumvallate for taste; table like

56
Q

What glands are in the circumvallate? What type are they?

A

Von ebners; serous

57
Q

What glands are in the duodenum?

A

Brunners

58
Q

What are peyers patch?

A

In the SI they are lymph

59
Q

What do plicae circulares do?

A

Absorption

60
Q

Name the 3 layers of muscle in the stomach

A

Longtitudinal, circular and oblique

61
Q

Name the sections of the stomach (4)

A

Fundus
Body/corpus
Antrum
Pylorus

62
Q

What secretion do exocrine glands do?

A

Merocrine

63
Q

What is serous VS mucous?

A

Serous is more liquid while mucous thick and slimy

64
Q

Name the 3 glands in the mouth?

A

Sublingual
Submandibular
Parotid

65
Q

What is a gland called if it is both serous and mucosal?

A

Serous demilume

66
Q

What type of gland is parotid?

A

Serous

67
Q

What type of gland is the mandibular?

A

Serous and mucosal

68
Q

What type of gland is the sublingual?

A

Mucosal

69
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A

Around acini to squeeze excretion out

70
Q

Where are paneth cells?

A

Under crypts with lysosomes

71
Q

What part of the gastric pits make what?

A

The bottom makes enzymes and the top makes mucus

Year 1 Summative 2 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions