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Year 1 Summative 2 > Natal Growth > Flashcards

Natal Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the skull has a mix of somatic and neural growth?

A

Cranial base

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2
Q

What has faster growth, somatic or neural?

A

Neural

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3
Q

How many fontanelles do we have and what are they?

A

6 membranous gaps between bones

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4
Q

What does the first arch make?

A

Mandible and meckels cartilage

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5
Q

What does the cranial base separate?

A

Cranial vault

Face

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6
Q

Describe the epiphyseal plate

A

Resting
Proliferative
Hypertrophic
Metaphyseal plate

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7
Q

Describe a condylar plate

A 
Articular cartilage
Prechondroblasts 
Chondroblasts 
Hypertrophic
Bone
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8
Q

What fuses to unite the eyes and when?

A

Cribiform
Ethmoid
3 years

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9
Q

When does the mandible fuse?

A

10 weeks

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10
Q

What unites the mandible and when?

A

Symphysial cartilage

1 years

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11
Q

When does the frontal bone, sphenoid body and sphenoid wings fuse? Where are these bones?

A

Years 1 and 2

Behind the eyes

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12
Q

Where is the styloid process found?

A

Extends down just below the ear

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13
Q

What type of ossification does the body and head have?

A

The body is endochondral

The head is endochondral and intramembranous

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14
Q

What areas of the head are endochondral? (4)

A

Optic capsule
Second pharyngeal arch cartilage
Nasal capsule
Cranial base

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15
Q

What’s the name of a secondary cartilaginous joint? Give 2 examples

A

Symphysis
Condylar cartilage
Fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What’s the name of a primary cartilaginous joint? Give 3 examples

A

Synchondrosis
Hyaline cartilage
Nasal septum
Cranial base

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17
Q

What is at the front of the mandible?

A

Mental foramen

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18
Q

Where is the coronoid and condylar?

A

Condylar is nearest to the ears

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19
Q

What tissue forms the top and bottom halves of the skull?

A

Top: mesoderm
Bottom: NCC

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20
Q

What is a suture?

A

Fibrous joint

21
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle shut?

A

2 years

22
Q

What is a fontanelle?

A

Membranous spot where 3 or more bones converge

23
Q

When does the sphenoidal fontanelle shut?

A

3 months

24
Q

When does the mastoid fontanelle shut? Posterior?

A

3 months

25
Q

Name the 2 lines which divide the roof of the mouth into 4

A

Down straight is the median palatine and across is transverse palatine

26
Q

What is the cambium layer?

A

Has undifferentiated cells

27
Q

What is the skull also called?

A

Calvaria

28
Q

Is cleft palate more common in girls or boys and why?

A

Girls as theirs fuse later

29
Q

Which nerve supplies the 4th arch? What does it form?

A

10th cranial

Thyroid and larynx cartilage

30
Q

Which nerve supplies the 6th arch? What does it form?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

Larynx muscles and cartilage

31
Q

Which nerve supplies the 3rd arch? What does it form?

A

Glossopharyngeal (9th cranial)

Hyoid and stylopharyngeaus muscle

32
Q

Which nerve supplies the 2nd arch? What does it form? What is it also known as?

A 
7th nerve (facial)
Hyloid, styloid and skull base
33
Q

Where is the styloid?

A

From ear to hyoid at chin

34
Q

What is the notochord?

A

Cartilagenous skeletal rod

35
Q

What is on top of the first arch?

A

Stomatodeum

36
Q

How many arches are there?

A

1, 2, 3, 4 and 6

37
Q

Where are the cleft and pouches?

A

Cleft are on inside and pouches on the outside

38
Q

What are the 3 things inside each arch?

A

Nerve
Artery
Cartilage

39
Q

Which nerve supplies the 1st arch? What does it form? What is it also known as?

A

Midbrain and meckels cartilage
Trigeminal nerve (5th cranial)
Pharyngeal

40
Q

Where do the soft and hard palate join?

A

Incisal foramen

41
Q

What are rhombomeres?

A

Come from the neural tube there are 5 of them forming the hind brain

42
Q

What are somites and somatomeres?

A

Along side the developing neural tube, somites are not fused but somatomeres are

43
Q

What do pouches 1, 2, 3 and 4 make?

A

Ear
Palate
Parathyroid and thyroid
Same

44
Q

At what stage does the shape of the tooth form?

A

Bell

45
Q

How are ectoderm and mesenchyme involved in tooth growth?

A

Ectoderm forms it but the mesenchyme picks the type of tooth

46
Q

When does the enamel knot form?

A

Cap stage

47
Q

What is tooth morphogenesis?

A

Determining the shape of the crown by cell proliferation

48
Q

When does the dental lamina break down?

A

Bell stage

49
Q

What causes the enamel knot to form?

A

Mesenchymal signals

Year 1 Summative 2 (24 decks)

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