Natal Growth Flashcards
Which part of the skull has a mix of somatic and neural growth?
Cranial base
What has faster growth, somatic or neural?
Neural
How many fontanelles do we have and what are they?
6 membranous gaps between bones
What does the first arch make?
Mandible and meckels cartilage
What does the cranial base separate?
Cranial vault
Face
Describe the epiphyseal plate
Resting
Proliferative
Hypertrophic
Metaphyseal plate
Describe a condylar plate
Articular cartilage Prechondroblasts Chondroblasts Hypertrophic Bone
What fuses to unite the eyes and when?
Cribiform
Ethmoid
3 years
When does the mandible fuse?
10 weeks
What unites the mandible and when?
Symphysial cartilage
1 years
When does the frontal bone, sphenoid body and sphenoid wings fuse? Where are these bones?
Years 1 and 2
Behind the eyes
Where is the styloid process found?
Extends down just below the ear
What type of ossification does the body and head have?
The body is endochondral
The head is endochondral and intramembranous
What areas of the head are endochondral? (4)
Optic capsule
Second pharyngeal arch cartilage
Nasal capsule
Cranial base
What’s the name of a secondary cartilaginous joint? Give 2 examples
Symphysis
Condylar cartilage
Fibrocartilage
What’s the name of a primary cartilaginous joint? Give 3 examples
Synchondrosis
Hyaline cartilage
Nasal septum
Cranial base
What is at the front of the mandible?
Mental foramen
Where is the coronoid and condylar?
Condylar is nearest to the ears
What tissue forms the top and bottom halves of the skull?
Top: mesoderm
Bottom: NCC
What is a suture?
Fibrous joint
When does the anterior fontanelle shut?
2 years
What is a fontanelle?
Membranous spot where 3 or more bones converge
When does the sphenoidal fontanelle shut?
3 months
When does the mastoid fontanelle shut? Posterior?
3 months
Name the 2 lines which divide the roof of the mouth into 4
Down straight is the median palatine and across is transverse palatine
What is the cambium layer?
Has undifferentiated cells
What is the skull also called?
Calvaria
Is cleft palate more common in girls or boys and why?
Girls as theirs fuse later
Which nerve supplies the 4th arch? What does it form?
10th cranial
Thyroid and larynx cartilage
Which nerve supplies the 6th arch? What does it form?
Recurrent laryngeal
Larynx muscles and cartilage
Which nerve supplies the 3rd arch? What does it form?
Glossopharyngeal (9th cranial)
Hyoid and stylopharyngeaus muscle
Which nerve supplies the 2nd arch? What does it form? What is it also known as?
7th nerve (facial) Hyloid, styloid and skull base
Where is the styloid?
From ear to hyoid at chin
What is the notochord?
Cartilagenous skeletal rod
What is on top of the first arch?
Stomatodeum
How many arches are there?
1, 2, 3, 4 and 6
Where are the cleft and pouches?
Cleft are on inside and pouches on the outside
What are the 3 things inside each arch?
Nerve
Artery
Cartilage
Which nerve supplies the 1st arch? What does it form? What is it also known as?
Midbrain and meckels cartilage
Trigeminal nerve (5th cranial)
Pharyngeal
Where do the soft and hard palate join?
Incisal foramen
What are rhombomeres?
Come from the neural tube there are 5 of them forming the hind brain
What are somites and somatomeres?
Along side the developing neural tube, somites are not fused but somatomeres are
What do pouches 1, 2, 3 and 4 make?
Ear
Palate
Parathyroid and thyroid
Same
At what stage does the shape of the tooth form?
Bell
How are ectoderm and mesenchyme involved in tooth growth?
Ectoderm forms it but the mesenchyme picks the type of tooth
When does the enamel knot form?
Cap stage
What is tooth morphogenesis?
Determining the shape of the crown by cell proliferation
When does the dental lamina break down?
Bell stage
What causes the enamel knot to form?
Mesenchymal signals
