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Year 1 Summative 2 > BMS03 > Flashcards

BMS03 Flashcards

1
Q

What hyperpolarises neurones?

A

Chlorine ions

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2
Q

What’s binds to nicotinic receptors?

A

2 ach

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3
Q

What does Botox do?

A

Stop Ach

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4
Q

What does the somatic NS control?

A

Skeletal muscles (voluntary)

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5
Q

What does salbutamol do?

A

Agonist of B2 for asthma

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6
Q

What does cocaine do?

A

Block uptake channels

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7
Q

What is more widespread SNS or PNS?

A

SNS

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8
Q

Describe the second messenger model which is not cAMP

A

G protein binds to PIP when the receptor is activated which is converted to DAG and when this happens IP3 is given off

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9
Q

What does botox do?

A

Stop ach

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10
Q

What does NANC mean?

A

Non adrenergic, non cholinergic

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11
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Voluntary muscles

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12
Q

What messenger model does M3 use?

A

DAG

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13
Q

What messenger model does M2 use and do?

A

cAMP

The heart

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14
Q

What messenger model does A1 use?

A

DAG

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15
Q

What messenger model does A2 use?

A

cAMP

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16
Q

What modulates the ENS? What receptors do they use?

A

PNS and SNS

NANC

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17
Q

What must bind a nicotinic receptor?

A

2 Ach

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18
Q

What does salbutamol do?

A

Bind B2 receptors to help with asthma

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19
Q

What does propranolol do?

A

Decrease BP and HR by blocking the beta adrenergic receptor

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20
Q

What is an agonist VS antagonist?

A

Agonist binds the receptor and activates it while an antagonist binds the receptor but does not activate it

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21
Q

What does kd mean?

A

The affinity when a drug occupies half of all receptors

Low means high affinity

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22
Q

Efficacy VS affinity

A

Affinity is how well it binds

Efficacy is how well it activates the receptor

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23
Q

What do anaesthetics do?

A

Block Na

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24
Q

In general what do B1, 2 and 3 each control?

A

Heart, airway and bladder

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25
Q

What is EC50?

A

Concentration of a drug giving 50% response

26
Q

What’s the difference between type 1 and 2 twitches?

A

Type 1 is a slow mechanical response to an impulse while type 2 is fast

27
Q

What is tetany?

A

Many twitches

28
Q

What makes the twitches become fused?

A

Build up of calcium

29
Q

What’s the difference between special and temporal summation?

A

Temporal is when one neurons releases lots and lots of impulses overtime
Spatial is when multiple neurons all release NT to cause one action potential

30
Q

What do synergist muscles do?

A

Stop unwanted movement

31
Q

Describe the layout of the peri, endo and epineurium?

A

Epi surrounds many circles which are lined with peri and filled with endo

32
Q

What is grey matter?

A

Cell bodies

33
Q

What do glia do?

A

Stick the CNS together

34
Q

What are Schmidt lanterman cells?

A

Uncompacted myelin

35
Q

What are nissl bodies?

A

RER

36
Q

Which kid of axons have lower resistance?

A

Large ones

37
Q

What does myelin do?

A

Decrease the amount of charge stored in the membrane

38
Q

Where is myelin found? (2)

A

Central and peripheral NS

39
Q

What are pennate muscles built for?

A

Power

40
Q

What do fixator muscles do?

A

Put the body in the best position for the desired movement

41
Q

Name the 3 shapes of muscle

A

Strap, fusiform and fan

42
Q

What do tendon sheaths do?

A

Offset heat made due to fiction

43
Q

What are the 3 types of tendons?

A

Raphe, aponeurosis and intermediate

44
Q

What happens at an insulin receptor?

A

The receptor dimerises by phosphorylation

RTK is activated which activates RAS which then activates a cascade of MAP kinases

45
Q

What does IP3 cause?

A

Calcium release

46
Q

What are ramus?

A

Branches of nerves

47
Q

Name the 4 types of vertebra

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

48
Q

What makes up the SNS?

A

T1-L2

49
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

Cranial and S2-S4

50
Q

Which NS has a longer peripheral axon?

A

PNS

51
Q

Which types of nerves have the ganglia in the CNS?

A

Sensory

52
Q

What are ganglia?

A

A number of cell bodies forming a swelling

53
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated neurons

54
Q

Which NS has motor neurons?

A

ANS

55
Q

What nerves have synapses?

A

Motor

56
Q

What do oligodendrocytes do?

A

Form myelin

57
Q

What do microglia do?

A

Infection control

58
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Metabolic support

59
Q

What do ependymal cells do?

A

Line

60
Q

Where are satellite and schwann cells?

A

SNS and PNS

Peripheral

Year 1 Summative 2 (24 decks)

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