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Year 1 Summative 2 > Fat Metabolism > Flashcards

Fat Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What does the presence of lots of malonyl coA indicate?

A

Fed state

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2
Q

How is citrate formed?

A

Oxloacetate + acetyl CoA

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3
Q

What does malonyl CoA do?

A

Inhibit carnatine transferase so fatty acid can’t be transported into the mitochondria for respiration

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4
Q

What causes fat to be taken up for storage?

A

Insulin

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5
Q

What do chylomicrons do?

A

Dietary TAG

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6
Q

What does HDL do?

A

Cholesterol is moved from the tissue to the liver

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7
Q

What does LDL do?

A

Move cholesterol to tissues

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8
Q

What does VLDL do?

A

Carries endogenous (bodily) TAG

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9
Q

What does HDL do?

A

Cholesterol leaves the tissue

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10
Q

Describe the structure of a lipid (4)

A

Apoprotein, phospholipids and cholesterol and then TAG and cholesterol esters

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11
Q

Why are lipoproteins used?

A

To carry insoluble fat

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12
Q

What makes up VLDL (3)

A

Apoproteins, TAG and polar lipids

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13
Q

What are apoproteins?

A

Proteins that can’t function alone

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14
Q

What is lipoprotein A?

A

LDL and apoprotein A

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15
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Deposition of fat in arteries

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16
Q

What is a foam cell?

A

A cell that takes up cholesterol and fat that has built up

17
Q

Describe the journey of HDL

A

Cholesterol leaves the tissue or smooth intestine binds to apoA and enters the liver

18
Q

Describe the path of a chylomicron

A

TAG and apoB leave the small intestine and take apoE and apoC from HDL to form a chylomicron

It enters a capillary and lipoprotein lipase removes the TAG for storage leaving the remains to go into the liver

19
Q

Describe the paths of VLDL and LDL

A

ApoB and TAG leave the liver and take ApoC and ApoE from HDL in the capillary and then lipoprotein lipase releases the FA for storage leaving a glycerol and intermediate density protein

That can either loose B100 to form HDL or loose apoE and apoC to form LDL which enters the liver to pick up TAG and form VLDL

20
Q

Where do we get LDL?

A

We make it in the liver

21
Q

What does LDL do?

A

Inhibit nucleic enzymes so they can’t make cholesterol or LDL receptor

22
Q

What makes HMG CoA?

A

Acetyl CoA and acetoacetyl CoA

23
Q

What do stations do?

A

Inhibit the enzyme that makes HMG CoA

24
Q

When do we make cholesterol?

A

When we aren’t eating enough

25
Q

How does coenzyme A form acetyl coA?

A

Add a COOH to it

26
Q

What activates the enzyme lipase?

A

Adrenaline, low ATP and glucagon

27
Q

How are TAG’s completely broken down?

A

Lipase remove 1 FA
DAG lipase removes another
MAG lipase removes another

28
Q

How do FA travel in the blood?

A

Bound to albumin

29
Q

What is the TAG’s remaining glycerol used for?

A

Diffuses into tissues to form pyruvate or glucose

30
Q

When the body’s main fuel is fat what other process if also occurring and why?

A

Ketogenesis

There is too much acetyl coA so its converted to ketone bodies

31
Q

How do we form fatty acyl coA?

A

FA + coA + ATP + fatty acyl coA synthetase

32
Q

Describe beta oxidation

A

Fatty acyl coA is converted to enoyl coA
FAD to FADH2

Enoyl coA is converted to hydroxyacyl coA
Water is used

Hydroxyacyl coA is converted to keto acyl coA
NAD to NADH2

Keto acyl coA is converted to fatty acyl coA
Coenzyme A is used

33
Q

Why may beta oxidation occur multiple times on the same compound?

A

If the chain is still very long

34
Q

What do odd number chains form instead of acetyl coenzyme A?

A

Propionyl-coA

35
Q

What happens when propionyl coA is made?

A

CO2 and ATP is added to convert it to methylmalonyl coA which is converted to succinyl coA which is then used in the krebs cycle

Year 1 Summative 2 (24 decks)

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