BMS11

Question 1

What is the blood vessel system called?

Answer 1

Vasa recta

Question 2

What comes off of primary processes from the cell body?

Answer 2

Pedicles

Question 3

What is the renal corpuscle?

Answer 3

Glomerulus, afferent and efferent arteries

Question 4

What things can move passively into tubules?

Answer 4

Chloride, urea, potassium, hydrogen, calcium and hydrogen carbonate

Question 5

If the afferent arteriole constricts what happens?

Answer 5

Hydrostatic pressure is lowered decreasing the glomerular filtration rate

Question 6

What 2 things does endothelium line?

Answer 6

Lymph and blood vessels

Question 7

Describe the tubes order (9)

Answer 7

PCT, SCT, thin loop, thing loop, thick loop, DCT, cortical CD, medullary CD and renal pelvis

Question 8

Where is the macula densa found?

Answer 8

Lines where the DT meets the thick limb

Question 9

Describe the bowmans wall (5)

Answer 9

Bowmans capsule, bowmans space, podocytes on the capillaries, the BM, fenestrated endothelium and then the capillary itself

Question 10

What is the macula densa?

Answer 10

Cells that detect Na concentrations

Question 11

Name the 2 types of nephrons

Answer 11

Cortical- short loops in the outer region

Medullary- long loops in the inner region

Question 12

Where are mesangial cells?

Answer 12

Between capillaries in the glomerulus

Question 13

What nervous system controls mesangial cells?

Answer 13

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

What does erythropoietin do and what releases it?

Answer 14

It is released from the kidney in order to stimulate RBC production

Question 15

Name a K sparing diuretic

Answer 15

Amiloride

Question 16

Name a loop diuretic

Answer 16

Torsemide

Question 17

Name a diuretic

Answer 17

Thiazide

Question 18

Where are intercalated cells and why are they called this?

Answer 18

In the collecting duct and because they have lots of mitochondria

Question 19

What does spironolactone do?

Answer 19

Compete for aldosterone receptors

Question 20

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 20

Upregulate Na pumps and make more so that more Na is excreted

Question 21

What direction does K and Na generally go?

Answer 21

K is removed and Na is added in

Question 22

What do diuretics do?

Answer 22

Increase how much salt goes into the tubules so more water is lost

Question 23

By retaining more water, what happens?

Answer 23

Blood pressure increases

Question 24

What part of the renal system fine tunes K?

Answer 24

Collectign duct

Question 25

Which ions can pass in between cells?

Answer 25

Na, K, Ca and Mg

Question 26

Which pump do thiazides act on?

Answer 26

Na/Cl in the distal tubule

Question 27

What pump is in the DCT?

Answer 27

Na and Cl in

Question 28

What pump do all elements have?

Answer 28

3Na out and 2K in

Question 29

What pump does the loop of henle have?

Answer 29

Na, K and Cl in

Question 30

Which organelle is alkali?

Answer 30

Mitochondria

Question 31

What’s the bodies optimum pH?

Answer 31

7.35-7.45

Question 32

What do increased K+ levels cause?

Answer 32

Low blood pH

Question 33

What may lower K+ levels?

Answer 33

Acidosis

Question 34

What will increase K+ secretion?

Answer 34

Increased tubular flow

Question 35

What stimulates K+ channels?

Answer 35

Aldosterone

Question 36

Why is urine acidic?

Answer 36

We excrete H and reabsorb HCO3

Question 37

What 4 things in the body act as buffers?

Answer 37

Protein
HCO3
Hb
Plasma

Question 38

How do you work out bodily pH?

Answer 38

pKa + log (HCO3 in kidneys)/(CO2 in lungs)

Question 39

What levels will the brain stem respiratory system respond to?

Answer 39

CO2
O2
H+

Question 40

What are the features of alkalosis?

Answer 40

Lots of HCO3 so lots of CO2 is made

Question 41

What are the features of acidosis?

Answer 41

Not much CO2 as all the HCO3 is being used to neutralise it

Question 42

Name 3 pumps in the tubule

Answer 42

H in
Na out/NH4 in
Glut out/Na in