BMS11 Flashcards
What is the blood vessel system called?
Vasa recta
What comes off of primary processes from the cell body?
Pedicles
What is the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus, afferent and efferent arteries
What things can move passively into tubules?
Chloride, urea, potassium, hydrogen, calcium and hydrogen carbonate
If the afferent arteriole constricts what happens?
Hydrostatic pressure is lowered decreasing the glomerular filtration rate
What 2 things does endothelium line?
Lymph and blood vessels
Describe the tubes order (9)
PCT, SCT, thin loop, thing loop, thick loop, DCT, cortical CD, medullary CD and renal pelvis
Where is the macula densa found?
Lines where the DT meets the thick limb
Describe the bowmans wall (5)
Bowmans capsule, bowmans space, podocytes on the capillaries, the BM, fenestrated endothelium and then the capillary itself
What is the macula densa?
Cells that detect Na concentrations
Name the 2 types of nephrons
Cortical- short loops in the outer region
Medullary- long loops in the inner region
Where are mesangial cells?
Between capillaries in the glomerulus
What nervous system controls mesangial cells?
Sympathetic nervous system
What does erythropoietin do and what releases it?
It is released from the kidney in order to stimulate RBC production
Name a K sparing diuretic
Amiloride
Name a loop diuretic
Torsemide
Name a diuretic
Thiazide
Where are intercalated cells and why are they called this?
In the collecting duct and because they have lots of mitochondria
What does spironolactone do?
Compete for aldosterone receptors
What does aldosterone do?
Upregulate Na pumps and make more so that more Na is excreted
What direction does K and Na generally go?
K is removed and Na is added in
What do diuretics do?
Increase how much salt goes into the tubules so more water is lost
By retaining more water, what happens?
Blood pressure increases
What part of the renal system fine tunes K?
Collectign duct
Which ions can pass in between cells?
Na, K, Ca and Mg
Which pump do thiazides act on?
Na/Cl in the distal tubule
What pump is in the DCT?
Na and Cl in
What pump do all elements have?
3Na out and 2K in
What pump does the loop of henle have?
Na, K and Cl in
Which organelle is alkali?
Mitochondria
What’s the bodies optimum pH?
7.35-7.45
What do increased K+ levels cause?
Low blood pH
What may lower K+ levels?
Acidosis
What will increase K+ secretion?
Increased tubular flow
What stimulates K+ channels?
Aldosterone
Why is urine acidic?
We excrete H and reabsorb HCO3
What 4 things in the body act as buffers?
Protein
HCO3
Hb
Plasma
How do you work out bodily pH?
pKa + log (HCO3 in kidneys)/(CO2 in lungs)
What levels will the brain stem respiratory system respond to?
CO2
O2
H+
What are the features of alkalosis?
Lots of HCO3 so lots of CO2 is made
What are the features of acidosis?
Not much CO2 as all the HCO3 is being used to neutralise it
Name 3 pumps in the tubule
H in
Na out/NH4 in
Glut out/Na in
