Obstetrics

Question 1

What stage is the embryo particularly venerable to teratogens

Answer 1

Week 4

Teratogens are substances such as medicines that can affect the growth or development of the baby when exposed to the mother

Question 2

What is Quickening

Answer 2

Foetal movement (baby kicking) this is prominent in weeks 17-20

Question 3

What is considered a term birth

Answer 3

37-42 weeks

Question 4

What are the different trimesters

Answer 4

Weeks 1-13 = trimester 1
Weeks 14-27 = trimester 2
Weeks 28 until birth = trimester 3

Question 5

What is Gravidity and Parity

Answer 5

Gravidity = Num of times a patient has been pregnant

Parity = num of times patient has given birth to foetus 24 weeks gestation or more

Question 6

What is the difference with antenatal and post natal

Answer 6

Antenatal = time from conception until delivery

Postnatal = time from delivery until approximately 6 weeks after birth

Question 7

How does supine hypotention occur

Answer 7

This happens generally after 25 weeks, when lying flat the uterus compresses the interior vena cava causing a reduction in venous return

Question 8

What are the cardio vascular changes in pregnancy

Answer 8

Question 9

Respiratory changes in pregnancy

Answer 9

Question 10

Why is smoking a risk factor

Answer 10

Carbon monoxide reduced the amount of 02

Nicotine - crosses over the placenta and affects the vascularity of the foetus and also affects the neruo capability of the foetus

Vaping and E cigarettes are not safe to use!

Question 11

Can maternal hypertention be a complication?

Answer 11

Yes!
This can reduce the amount of oxygen available to the baby affecting the growth rate and possibly causing pre term birth

Question 12

Can pre existing diabetics be a complication

Answer 12

Yes since there is a higher demand for sugar or glucose, insulin might have to be adjusted to avoid foetal hypoglycemia

Question 13

Why are infections a problem for pregnancy

Answer 13

pathogens can crosses the placenta. As there is no defense mechanism it can have catastrophic consequences for the fetus

Question 14

What is cervicale insufficiency

Answer 14

This is also known as a incompetent cervix.

This is when the cervix opens early so it is unable to retain the fetus

Question 15

What is the age break for geriatric birth

Answer 15

35 and over there is more of a risk that there could be pre term birth or neuro deficiencies

Question 16

Risk factors for pregnancy

Answer 16

Question 17

Common pre hospital pregnancy emergency jobs

Answer 17

Question 18

What are some signs of ectopic pregnancy

Answer 18

Question 19

What are some signs of miscarriage

Answer 19

Question 20

What is antepartum hemorrhage

Answer 20

Question 21

What is placenta praevia

Answer 21

This is where the placenta partially or totally obstructs the cervix

Question 22

What is placental abruption

Answer 22

Placenta or portion of the placenta tears away from the inner lining of the uterus

Question 23

What is Uterine rupture

Answer 23

Rupture of the muscular uterine wall with protrusion of the placenta or foetus into the abdo cavity

Question 24

What can cause a syncope in a pregant woman

Answer 24

Question 25

What is preeclampsia / eclampsia

Answer 25

Preeclampsia = rise in systolic BP over 300mmHg and or diastolic BP of over 15mmHg over baseline on at least 2 occasions or 6 hours apart Preeclampsia can lead to Eclampsia = when preeclampsia is complicated by seizures

Question 26

What are braxton Hicks?

Answer 26

Question 27

Implantation bleeding

Answer 27

Question 28

What are some sings of labour

Answer 28

Question 29

What does the first stage (latent and active) of labour consist of

Answer 29

Contractions begin and lead to thinning (effacement) and dilation of the cervix Latent phase contractions are about every 30 mins and increase to about every 3 mins at the end Active phase contractions last around 40-60 secs every 2-3 mins

Question 30

What does the second stage of labour consist of

Answer 30

Question 31

What does the thrid stage of labour consist of

Answer 31

This is from the time of birth through to the delivery of the placenta and control of any bleeding

Question 32

What should you do after the placenta is birthed

Answer 32

Check that it is intact Keep the placenta Ask the family if they want to keep it Perform a fundal rub Continue to assess for bleeding

Question 33

What is the preferred pain relief for labor

Answer 33

Methoxy is the preferred

Question 34

What are some specific pregnancy questions

Answer 34

Question 35

What are some vitals that may be present in pregnancy

Answer 35

Question 36

Question 37

What is a Apgar score

Answer 37

This is a neonate assessment after birth 7-10 is normal 4-6 some sort of resus i s required 0-3 immediate resus required