Obstetrics Flashcards
What stage is the embryo particularly venerable to teratogens
Week 4
Teratogens are substances such as medicines that can affect the growth or development of the baby when exposed to the mother
What is Quickening
Foetal movement (baby kicking) this is prominent in weeks 17-20
What is considered a term birth
37-42 weeks
What are the different trimesters
Weeks 1-13 = trimester 1
Weeks 14-27 = trimester 2
Weeks 28 until birth = trimester 3
What is Gravidity and Parity
Gravidity = Num of times a patient has been pregnant
Parity = num of times patient has given birth to foetus 24 weeks gestation or more
What is the difference with antenatal and post natal
Antenatal = time from conception until delivery
Postnatal = time from delivery until approximately 6 weeks after birth
How does supine hypotention occur
This happens generally after 25 weeks, when lying flat the uterus compresses the interior vena cava causing a reduction in venous return
What are the cardio vascular changes in pregnancy
Respiratory changes in pregnancy
Why is smoking a risk factor
Carbon monoxide reduced the amount of 02
Nicotine - crosses over the placenta and affects the vascularity of the foetus and also affects the neruo capability of the foetus
Vaping and E cigarettes are not safe to use!
Can maternal hypertention be a complication?
Yes!
This can reduce the amount of oxygen available to the baby affecting the growth rate and possibly causing pre term birth
Can pre existing diabetics be a complication
Yes since there is a higher demand for sugar or glucose, insulin might have to be adjusted to avoid foetal hypoglycemia
Why are infections a problem for pregnancy
pathogens can crosses the placenta. As there is no defense mechanism it can have catastrophic consequences for the fetus
What is cervicale insufficiency
This is also known as a incompetent cervix.
This is when the cervix opens early so it is unable to retain the fetus
What is the age break for geriatric birth
35 and over there is more of a risk that there could be pre term birth or neuro deficiencies
Risk factors for pregnancy
Common pre hospital pregnancy emergency jobs
What are some signs of ectopic pregnancy
What are some signs of miscarriage
What is antepartum hemorrhage
What is placenta praevia
This is where the placenta partially or totally obstructs the cervix
What is placental abruption
Placenta or portion of the placenta tears away from the inner lining of the uterus
What is Uterine rupture
Rupture of the muscular uterine wall with protrusion of the placenta or foetus into the abdo cavity
What can cause a syncope in a pregant woman
What is preeclampsia / eclampsia
Preeclampsia = rise in systolic BP over 300mmHg and or diastolic BP of over 15mmHg over baseline on at least 2 occasions or 6 hours apart
Preeclampsia can lead to Eclampsia = when preeclampsia is complicated by seizures
What are braxton Hicks?
Implantation bleeding
What are some sings of labour
What does the first stage (latent and active) of labour consist of
Contractions begin and lead to thinning (effacement) and dilation of the cervix
Latent phase contractions are about every 30 mins and increase to about every 3 mins at the end
Active phase contractions last around 40-60 secs every 2-3 mins
What does the second stage of labour consist of
What does the thrid stage of labour consist of
This is from the time of birth through to the delivery of the placenta and control of any bleeding
What should you do after the placenta is birthed
Check that it is intact
Keep the placenta
Ask the family if they want to keep it
Perform a fundal rub
Continue to assess for bleeding
What is the preferred pain relief for labor
Methoxy is the preferred
What are some specific pregnancy questions
What are some vitals that may be present in pregnancy
What is a Apgar score
This is a neonate assessment after birth
7-10 is normal
4-6 some sort of resus i s required
0-3 immediate resus required
