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St John/ Uni > EMT > Flashcards

EMT Flashcards

1
Q

What are the H’s & T’s (Reversible causes of a PEA)

A

H’s
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Hypo/hyperthermia

T’s
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade
Thrombosis
Toxins

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2
Q

What are the differences in VT & VF

A

VT has a tall very spaced out complex to it and VF is much smaller and can be more erratic

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3
Q

What are the differenced in cardiac arrest prognosis

A
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4
Q

How often do you ventilate with a LMA

A

Once every 6 seconds / once every 10th compression

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5
Q

How to identify ROSC

A

Spike in ETCO2
Change in rhythm that looks capable of sustaining life
Change in level of consciousness of patient

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6
Q

How to confirm ROSC

A

ROSC can be confirmed by palpating the pulse. DO NOT STOP HALF WAY THROUGH A CYCLE.

Confirm pulse (Femoral or carotid)
Confirm rhythm change
Confirm ETCO2 spike

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7
Q

Treatment following ROSC

A

Maintain adequate airway
Maintain adequate breathing
Maintain adequate circulation
Avoid hyperventilation
Avoid hypotension

Conduct a primary survey (ABCDE)
TTM (Targeted temp management)
Place one sheet over the patient and allow them to passively cool to get to 35 degrees. Active cooling is not indicated unless there is hyperthermia involved
O2 should be kept around 94-97% (to much can cause vasoconstriction)
Target systolic BP to 120

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8
Q

ETCO2 value

A

Normal is 35-45mmHg
Good compressions above 20mmHg
Spike in ETCO2 can indicate ROSC

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9
Q

Where should a O2 probe be placed on a neonate

A

On the right hand to get the best reading

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10
Q

What are some factors that can influence first breaths of a baby

A

Temp
Movement of limbs
Tactile stimulation
Pressure on chest during vaginal delivery

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11
Q

What are the expected 02 stats for Neonates

A
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12
Q

What are some abnormal and normal vitals for neonates

A
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13
Q

Are neonates able to thermoregulate well

A

No
They lack the ability to thermoregulate well and have a large surface area to loose a lot of heat which it why it is essential to keep them warm

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14
Q

What is a normal BGL for a neonate

A

2.5 or above

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15
Q

What is Perinatal asphyxia

A

This is a severe abnormality of inadequate blood flow resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia and acidosis.
This mainly occurs immediately before, during or after birth

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16
Q

What are the 3 phases that a baby might be in hypoxia

A

Primary, gasping, terminal

17
Q

What are some signs of primary apnoea in neonates

A

Deep rapid breathing
Bradycardic
Poor perfusion

Treatment:
Tactile stimulation
Warming
Ensuring patency of the airway
Manual ventilation is nessesary

18
Q

What are some signs of gasping in neonates

A

Irregular respirations
Bradycardia
Inhalation of meconium

Treatment:
Immediate resus if indicated

19
Q

What are some sings of terminal sings of hypoxia in a neonate

A

HR & BP continue to fall
Continued hypoxia will deplete glycogen stores

Treatment
Immediate resus

20
Q

What is the pedeatric triangle

A
21
Q

What classifies as a term pregnancy

A

37-41 gestation

(Gravida num of pregnancies)
(Parity Num of pregnancies carried to over 20 weeks)

22
Q

When does a Neonate require resus

A

The 4 aspects are
Tone
Breathing
Heart Rate (identify what level of resus)
SpO2

23
Q

If Neonate HR is = or >100 what level of resus?

A

No ventilation
Clamp/cut cord at 2-3 mins
Administer 02 only to maintain SP02

24
Q

Inadequate breathing or HR is 60-100 what level of resus

A

Clamp/cut cord
Place OPA
Ventilate at a rate of 60/min using peep at 5cmH20 (initally with no added 02)
Continue to ventilate
After 2 mins add 02 at 10L if HR not rising

25
Q

If the HR is less an 60 what level of resus?

A

Clamp/cut cord
Start CPR 3:1
PEEP at 5cmH20
O2 at 10L/min
Place LMA

26
Q

What are the 4 frames and what are they used for

A

This is the new way of taking a history from a patient SAMPLE still has a place, but it can be a bit to basic

27
Q

What is included in a rapid medical assessment

A
28
Q

What is included in a rapid trauma assessment

A

St John/ Uni (23 decks)

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