Nutritional disorders Flashcards
what are the 3 major nutrients?
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- Fats
what vitamins are fat soluble?
A,D,E and K
What are water soluble vitamins?
B and C
What is a primary nutritional deficiency?
insufficient intake (old people)
What is a secondary nutritional deficiency?
intake normally sufficient
- failure of intestine
- increased demand
- antagonists
How does the body deal with the protein deficiency disease Merasmus?
body compensates for the reduced calorific deficiencies by catabolising body tissues.
What are the symptoms of Kwasiorkor?
- -patient lethargic and difficult to feed
- extended belly fat
where do we get vitamin A (retinol) from?
- produced in body from provitamin (carotene)
- dietary retinol comes from dairy products and liver.
what are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
night blindness:
-Vitamin A is needed for visual pigments and the pigments consist of protein,opsin,
Epithelial changes:
-squamous epithelium becomes abnormally thickened
and excessively keratinised.
what are the ocular epithelial changes following vitamin A deficiency?
- conjunctiva becomes wrinkled and dry and white Bitot’s spots develop.
- corneal ulceration-keratomalacia.
what are the two ways in which vitamin D is obtained?
- absorbed by the intestine from the diet along with fats
- UV light from the sun transforms a steroid in the skin.
why is vitamin D important for the calcification of bones?
needed to absorb calcium in blood.
what happens to children when they get vitamin D deficiency?
rickets
overall growth is retarded
pigeon chested
what is Vitamin K used for?
synthesis of blood coagulation factors
why are oxidation reactions damaging?
produce free radicals that are highly reactive and damage cells by penetrating cell wall and damaging DNA
