Nutritional disorders Flashcards
what are the 3 major nutrients?
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- Fats
what vitamins are fat soluble?
A,D,E and K
What are water soluble vitamins?
B and C
What is a primary nutritional deficiency?
insufficient intake (old people)
What is a secondary nutritional deficiency?
intake normally sufficient
- failure of intestine
- increased demand
- antagonists
How does the body deal with the protein deficiency disease Merasmus?
body compensates for the reduced calorific deficiencies by catabolising body tissues.
What are the symptoms of Kwasiorkor?
- -patient lethargic and difficult to feed
- extended belly fat
where do we get vitamin A (retinol) from?
- produced in body from provitamin (carotene)
- dietary retinol comes from dairy products and liver.
what are the symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?
night blindness:
-Vitamin A is needed for visual pigments and the pigments consist of protein,opsin,
Epithelial changes:
-squamous epithelium becomes abnormally thickened
and excessively keratinised.
what are the ocular epithelial changes following vitamin A deficiency?
- conjunctiva becomes wrinkled and dry and white Bitot’s spots develop.
- corneal ulceration-keratomalacia.
what are the two ways in which vitamin D is obtained?
- absorbed by the intestine from the diet along with fats
- UV light from the sun transforms a steroid in the skin.
why is vitamin D important for the calcification of bones?
needed to absorb calcium in blood.
what happens to children when they get vitamin D deficiency?
rickets
overall growth is retarded
pigeon chested
what is Vitamin K used for?
synthesis of blood coagulation factors
why are oxidation reactions damaging?
produce free radicals that are highly reactive and damage cells by penetrating cell wall and damaging DNA
how can Vitamin C lead to increased fragility of blood vessels and bleeding?
contain a lot of tropocollagen
