Digestion nutrition;what we need to stay healthy. Flashcards
what is digestion?
breaking down of ingested food into useable nutrient molecule that can enter the vascular or lymphatic system.
what is the gastrointestinal tract?
tube from mouth to anus that breaks the food and absorbs it.
what do bile salts from liver do?
emulsify fats
what is the role of the small intestine?
secretes bile for digestion of fats
what is the role of the large intestine?
absorbs some water and ions
forms and stores faeces
what breaks down carbohydrates?
amylase in mouth
what breaks down proteins?
proteases
what breaks down triglycerides?
pancreatic lipase
what happens in the digestion of carbs?
- amylase breaks down starch into oligosaccharides
- short chain sugar molecules are converted to monosaccharides
how are proteins digested?
- converted into dipeptides and single amino acids
- pepsin in the stomach breaks proteins into free amino acids.
what happens in the digestion of lipids?
- triglycerides are broken down into monoglycerides and fatty acids
- fats are emulsified by bile salts
- micelles are formed
what does the lymphatic system contain?
fats,immune cells,excess fluid,no blood.
what is the function of the liver?
liver is for storage of glycogen
liver can convert the 40 essential nutrients and convert them to the many molecule types we need.
what are the examples of unsaturated fats?
- seeds
- nuts
- vegetable oils
what are the two essential fatty acids for the eye?
- linoleic acid
- linolenic acid
