Diabetic Mellitus Flashcards
what is the action of insulin?
-insulin lowers blood glucose by supressing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
what is the diabetes called that arises during pregnancy?
gestational diabetes
may be predisposed to type 2 diabetes in later in life.
what is type 1 diabetes?
- insulin dependant
- presentation later in life
what is type 2 diabetes?
non insulin dependant
what is the cause of type 1 diabetes?
- autoimmune disease
- destruction of beta cells
- loss of insulin production
what are the main antigens for type 1 diabetes?
HLA DR3 and DR4 antigens
what are the causes of type 2 diabetes?
tissues become resistant to insulin
how is diabetes diagnosed using HbA1c?
- measures the amount of glucose that is being carried by the red blood cells in the body
- levels of 6.5% or above indicates that someone has type 2 diabetes.
how do you achieve glycaemic control?
- diet
- oral glycaemic agents
- insulin
what is the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
- decrease in systolic BP
- targeting blood lipids reduces the risk of atheroma
what is flash glucose monitoring?
- small sensor on the arm with probe just under the skin
- flash the sensor to receive a reading
what is diabetic neuropathy?
includes sensory and autonomic nerves
what is sensory neuropathy?
- mainly affects the lower limbs
- initially pain followed by loss of sensation and numbness
what is autonomic neuropathy?
causes damage to both sympathetic and parasympatheticnerves leading to gastro intestinal problems.
