Autoimmunity and autoimmune disease

Question 1

what happens after complement activation by autoantibodies?

Answer 1

trigger complement to create membrane attack complex.

create pore and expose internal to external.Necrosis.

Question 2

What is the major histocompatibility complex?

Answer 2

gene locus that codes for histocompatibility antigens

Question 3

what are histocompatibility antigens?

Answer 3

cell surface glycoproteins that play an important roles in interaction amongst immune cells.

Question 4

Why are HLA antigens important?

Answer 4

for the ability of T cells to differentiate between self and non-self.

Question 5

what is positive selection?

Answer 5

T cells must recognize self MHC

Question 6

what is Negative Selection?

Answer 6

Binding too tightly to self MHC leads to apoptosis

Question 7

what is Grave’s disease caused by?

Answer 7

over production of thyroid hormone and enlargement of the thyroid (goitre).
autoantibodies bind to TSH receptor

Question 8

what causes exopthalmopathy?

Answer 8

immune response to a TSH receptor like protein in orbital connective tissue.

Question 9

what leads to the T cell becoming autoreactive in sympathetic Opthalmia?

Answer 9

lyphocytes are never exposed to proteins in the eye and if they bind by accident they can be recognised as foreign.