classic mendelian genetics

Question 1

what is interface

Answer 1

cell just sits there and performs normal functions

Question 2

what is G1

Answer 2

prepares cell for replication by replicating organelles

Question 3

why do some cells dont use all of the genes even if all cells contain the whole genome

Answer 3

some genes are turned off

Question 4

what is meiosis 1

Answer 4

• chromosomes condense
• spindle forms
• homologous chromosomes

Question 5

what is meiosis 1 and meiosis 2 seperated by?

Answer 5

interkinesis

Question 6

what is genetic recombination

Answer 6

chromosomes pair up and parts of genetic material crosses over

Question 7

what leads to trisomy 18

Answer 7

edward’s syndrome

Question 8

what do females with 1 x chromosome suffer from?

Answer 8

turners syndrome

Question 9

what does the posession of 3 x chromosomes lead to

Answer 9

metafemale syndrome

Question 10

what is an allele?

Answer 10

different forms of a gene

Question 11

what is a genotype?

Answer 11

person’s genetic makeup

Question 12

what is the expression of a genotype?

Answer 12

phenotype.

Question 13

what is mitosis?

Answer 13

cell divides and passes on all its DNA to the 2 daughter cells.

Question 14

what is the S phase?

Answer 14

DNA replicates using DNA polymerase and adding complementary nucleotides.

Question 15

what is G2?

Answer 15

enzymes needed for cell division are synthesised

Question 16

What happens in early prophase?

Answer 16

centrioles start to migrate by pushing away from each other

chromosomes consist of sister chromatids

Question 17

what happens in late Prophase?

Answer 17

• nuclear envelope fragments.

- spindles attach to chromosomes.

Question 18

what is metaphase?

Answer 18

chromosomes along the equator

Question 19

what is anaphase?

Answer 19

spindles contract and splits chromosomes and pulls each sister chromatid towards each pole.

Question 20

what happens in telophase and cytokinesis?

Answer 20

nuclear envelope starts to reform

f actin contracts until cell is separate.

Question 21

what is diploid number of chromosomes?

Answer 21

contains 2 copies of each chromosome.

Question 22

what is Haploid number of chromosomes?

Answer 22

contains 1 copy of each chromosome.

Question 23

what process are male gametes formed by?

Answer 23

spermatogenesis.

Question 24

What process are eggs formed by?

Answer 24

oogenesis

Question 25

what do 2 gametes produce?

Answer 25

diploid zygote

Question 26

what is Meiosis 1?

Answer 26

homologous chromosomes seek each other out (synapsis) forming tetrads. 2 daughter cells

Question 27

What is meiosis II ?

Answer 27

centromeres break and chromosomes move to opposite ends of cells
4 daughter cells.

Question 28

what is independent assortment?

Answer 28

different combination of chromosomes

Question 29

what is genetic recombination?

Answer 29

chromosomes pair up during synapses

parts of genetic material cross over.

Question 30

what is random fertilisation?

Answer 30

different gametes pair up

Question 31

what is non-disjunction?

Answer 31

chromosomes don’t completely separate.

Question 32

what does Trisomy 21 cause?

Answer 32

Down’s syndrome

Question 33

what does Trisomy 13 cause?

Answer 33

Patau’s syndrome

Question 34

what do XXY males look like?

Answer 34

Kleinfelter’s syndrome

female traits.

Question 35

how is the sickle cell anaemia gene beneficial?

Answer 35

protects against malaria.

Question 36

what do heterozygous individuals with sickle cell anaemia produce?

Answer 36

produce both normal and sickled haemoglobin.

Question 37

what is sex-linked inheritance?

Answer 37

involves sex chromosomes.