Nutrition&Diet - 2 [Alimentary Canal]

Question 1

Components of Gastroinstetinal tract

Answer 1

Alimentary canal
Small intestine
Large intestine
Accessory organs

Question 2

Basic types of action on food

Answer 2

Mechanical - chewing, peristalsis
Chemical - salivary enzymes, digestive juices

Question 3

What’re the valves/sphincter muscles are designed to

Answer 3

Retain food
Prevent “backing up”

Question 4

A taste bud consists of….embedded in the surrounding epithelium, termed…

Answer 4

30-100 cells - replace themselves 3-10d
Papillae - most numerous on dorsal epithelium

Question 5

How does the brain interpret flavours

Answer 5

By the nerve cells, they carry messages

Question 6

What’s anosmia

Answer 6

Loss of smell

Question 7

Persistent, abnormal distortion of taste

Answer 7

Dysgeusia

Question 8

Dry mouth

Answer 8

Xerostomia

Question 9

Adverse condition resulting form medical tx

Answer 9

Iatrogenic

Question 10

Loss of taste

Answer 10

Hypogeusia

Question 11

Heightened taste acuity

Answer 11

Hypergeusia

Question 12

Loss/lack of appetite resulting in inability to eat

Answer 12

Anorexia

Question 13

What’s phantom taste

Answer 13

Dysgeusia w/o identifiable taste stimuli

Question 14

Functions of saliva

Answer 14

Lubricates - mucin
Antibacterial
Removes debris/microorg.
Neutralizes/dilute/buffers bacterial acid
Remineralize tooth
Prevents plaque accumulation
Facilitates taste
Ease of speech

Question 15

Digestive functions of saliva

Answer 15

Mucin - glycoprotein- lubricates
Phyalin (amylase)- enzyme- hydrolysis
Lysozyme(antibody)-enzyme-breaks down cell walls of bacteria

Question 16

What increases susceptibility to resorption and bone loss in the alveolar process

Answer 16

Ca balance is -

Question 17

Which group of circular muscles fibres is located just above the stomach

Answer 17

LES
It also prevents regurgitation

Question 18

What’s the product of the bolus mixed with gastric secretions

Answer 18

Chyme

Question 19

What’re the major enzymes found in gastric juice

Answer 19

Pepsin
Lipase

Question 20

Why does a low pH of stomach contents is beneficial

Answer 20

Kills/inhibits growth food bacteria
Denatures protein
Facilities hydrolysis
Active gastric enzymes

Question 21

Major enzymes found in gastric juices

Answer 21

Pepsin
Lipase

Question 22

Where does most vit and minerals are hydrolyzed and absorbed

Answer 22

Small intestine

Question 23

Factors affecting digestion in the small intestine

Answer 23

Villi
Microvilli
Bile
Pancreatic enzymes

Question 24

Which mechanism are used for absorption of nutrients

Answer 24

Passive diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis

Question 25

Which portal is used for the absorption of nutrients from the GI tract and spleen into bloodstream to the liver

Answer 25

Portal vein

Question 26

How much of ingested food and digestions secretions continue to the large intestine

Answer 26

5%

Question 27

Functions of the large intestine

Answer 27

Reabsord water/electrolytes
Form/store residues until defecation

Question 28

Why does a healthy micro flora is important

Answer 28

Break down substances human enzymes can’t digest
Synthesized vit
Boost immune system
Inhibit pathogenic bacteria

Question 29

Difference between pro and prebiotics

Answer 29

Pro- produce specific host benefits through different mechanisms
Pre- non digestible food ingredients, provide fuel

Question 30

Define constipation

Answer 30

Bowel movements <3/week w/hard/dry/small and difficult to pass stool