Gross Anatomy - 14 [Endocryne System]

Question 1

Difference between Exocrine and Endocrine glands

Answer 1

Exocrine - secrete products into ducts
Endocrine - secrete products directly into bloodstream

Question 2

Classification of hormones

Answer 2

Proteins - hydrophilic
Steroids - hydrophobic

Question 3

Why are some organs not affected by hormones?

Answer 3

No receptors for that hormone

Question 4

Example of positive feedback control

Answer 4

Childbirth
Blood clotting

All other are negative

Question 5

Hypothalamus controls_______function

Answer 5

Pituitary

Question 6

Hypothalamus is connected to ANTERIOR pituitary through…

Answer 6

Capillaries (HHP system)

Question 7

Hypothalamus is connected to POSTERIOR pituitary through…

Answer 7

Tissue extensions - Neurons

Question 8

Anterior pituitary gland is controlled by

Answer 8

Releasing hormones of hypothalamus

Question 9

Posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus. T/F

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Hormones release by anterior pituitary

Answer 10

TSH
ACTH
GH
FSH
LH
PRL

Question 11

Hormones release by posterior pituitary

Answer 11

Oxytocin
ADH

Question 12

Follicular cells secrete_____into_____

Answer 12

T3+T4 into colloid —> storage

Question 13

Parafollicular cells secrete

Answer 13

Calcitonin

Question 14

T3 and T4 regulate

Answer 14

Metabolism

Question 15

Calcitonin regulates…

Answer 15

Decrease Ca levels in blood

Question 16

Different between hypo/hyperthyroidism

Answer 16

Hypo - deficiency T3,T4
Hyper - excess T3,T4

Question 17

Difference between Myxedema and Grave’s disease

Answer 17

Myxedema - severe hypothyroidism
Grave’s disease - overactive hyperthyroidism

Question 18

Explain control of T3,T4 secretion

Answer 18

TRH —> TSH —> T3,T4 —> (-) feedback loop

Question 19

What can interfere with (-) feedback loop on the T3,T4 secretion

Answer 19

Iodine deficiency

Question 20

What can cause deficiency of iodine

Answer 20

Goiter

Question 21

Which gland regulates blood calcium

Answer 21

Parathyroid

Question 22

Which hormone elevates blood calcium levels

Answer 22

PTH

Question 23

What happens when PTH raises blood calcium

Answer 23

Thyroid gland secretes Calcitonin

Bone - resorption (bone to blood)
Kidney - reabsorbs Ca (urine)
Intestine - absorbs dietary Ca

Question 24

What does Hypocalcemic tetany cause

Answer 24

Carpal spasm - low Ca

Question 25

What does Adrenal medulla and cortex secrete respectively

Answer 25

Medulla - Catecholamines
Cortex - Steroids

Question 26

Examples of steroids

Answer 26

Cortisol -
Aldosterone
Testosterone

Question 27

Examples of catecholamines

Answer 27

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Question 28

What can cause the hypo/hypersecretion of steroids

Answer 28

Hypo - Addison’s disease
Hyper - Cushing’s syndrome

Question 29

Explain (-) feedback by Cortisol

Answer 29

CRH —> ACTH —> Cortisol —> (-) feedback by Cortisol

Question 30

Which organ regulates blood glucose

Answer 30

Pancreas

Question 31

Which hormones are secreted to regulate blood glucose

Answer 31

Elevated glucose —> secretes insulin
Low glucose —> secretes glucagon

Question 32

What hormones elevates blood glucose

Answer 32

Glucagon
Cortisol
Epinephrine
GH

Question 33

Mention other glands besides Thyroid and parathyroid

Answer 33

Adrenal
Gonads - testes, ovaries
Thymus - immune system
Pineal - biological clock

Question 34

What happens when there’s deficiency/ ineffectiveness of insulin

Answer 34

Hyperglycemia
Rapid fatty acid catabolism