Gross Anatomy - 14 [Endocryne System] Flashcards
Difference between Exocrine and Endocrine glands
Exocrine - secrete products into ducts
Endocrine - secrete products directly into bloodstream
Classification of hormones
Proteins - hydrophilic
Steroids - hydrophobic
Why are some organs not affected by hormones?
No receptors for that hormone
Example of positive feedback control
Childbirth
Blood clotting
All other are negative
Hypothalamus controls_______function
Pituitary
Hypothalamus is connected to ANTERIOR pituitary through…
Capillaries (HHP system)
Hypothalamus is connected to POSTERIOR pituitary through…
Tissue extensions - Neurons
Anterior pituitary gland is controlled by
Releasing hormones of hypothalamus
Posterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus. T/F
True
Hormones release by anterior pituitary
TSH
ACTH
GH
FSH
LH
PRL
Hormones release by posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
ADH
Follicular cells secrete_____into_____
T3+T4 into colloid —> storage
Parafollicular cells secrete
Calcitonin
T3 and T4 regulate
Metabolism
Calcitonin regulates…
Decrease Ca levels in blood
Different between hypo/hyperthyroidism
Hypo - deficiency T3,T4
Hyper - excess T3,T4
Difference between Myxedema and Grave’s disease
Myxedema - severe hypothyroidism
Grave’s disease - overactive hyperthyroidism
Explain control of T3,T4 secretion
TRH —> TSH —> T3,T4 —> (-) feedback loop
What can interfere with (-) feedback loop on the T3,T4 secretion
Iodine deficiency
What can cause deficiency of iodine
Goiter
Which gland regulates blood calcium
Parathyroid
Which hormone elevates blood calcium levels
PTH
What happens when PTH raises blood calcium
Thyroid gland secretes Calcitonin
Bone - resorption (bone to blood)
Kidney - reabsorbs Ca (urine)
Intestine - absorbs dietary Ca
What does Hypocalcemic tetany cause
Carpal spasm - low Ca
What does Adrenal medulla and cortex secrete respectively
Medulla - Catecholamines
Cortex - Steroids
Examples of steroids
Cortisol -
Aldosterone
Testosterone
Examples of catecholamines
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
What can cause the hypo/hypersecretion of steroids
Hypo - Addison’s disease
Hyper - Cushing’s syndrome
Explain (-) feedback by Cortisol
CRH —> ACTH —> Cortisol —> (-) feedback by Cortisol
Which organ regulates blood glucose
Pancreas
Which hormones are secreted to regulate blood glucose
Elevated glucose —> secretes insulin
Low glucose —> secretes glucagon
What hormones elevates blood glucose
Glucagon
Cortisol
Epinephrine
GH
Mention other glands besides Thyroid and parathyroid
Adrenal
Gonads - testes, ovaries
Thymus - immune system
Pineal - biological clock
What happens when there’s deficiency/ ineffectiveness of insulin
Hyperglycemia
Rapid fatty acid catabolism
